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UK Politics > democracy and participation > Flashcards

democracy and participation Flashcards

1
Q

legitimacy

A

belief that an institution has the ability to govern

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2
Q

democray

A

a system where power is held by the people

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3
Q

what are the 5 key principles that Dahl argued a democratic system should adhere to?

A

participation
voting equality
understanding
agenda setting
universal

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4
Q

dahl : participation

A

all should have an equal chance to make their opinions known about which decisions they would prefer

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5
Q

dahl : voting equality

A

every member should have an equal and effective opportunity to vote, and all votes must be counted equally

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6
Q

dahl : understanding

A

each person must be given equal opportunities to learn about political processes and decisions being made

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7
Q

dahl : agenda setting

A

each person should have equal ability to set the political agenda, including the ability to revisit old issues

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8
Q

dahl : universal

A

citizens must have the same rights that are necessary for the other four criteria

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9
Q

why do we need a democracy?

A

democracy ensure legitimacy in a political system, this gives governments the right to rule and is key to political stability

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10
Q

how does democracy place obligations on the people to obey the government?

A

consent
power dispersal
fairness

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11
Q

what are the types of democracy?

A

direct and representative

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12
Q

what type of democracy does the UK use?

A

a mixture of direct and representative

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13
Q

what is direct democracy?

A

a system where the people can make decisions directly on issues, usually in the form of a yes or no response

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14
Q

what does direct democracy look like in the UK?

A

an example of direct democracy is referendums, where the public vote directly on an issue presented to them. an other example is citizen juries and public petitions.

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15
Q

what is a limitation to citizen juries and public petitions as an example of direct democracy?

A

they both require the input of elected representatives and so are no entirely direct

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16
Q

what’s representative democracy?

A

a system where people elect someone to represent their interest and make decisions on their behalf

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17
Q

what are the key features of a representative democracy?

A

popular participation is in indirect
popular participation is mediated
popular participation in government is limited

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18
Q

how des a representative democracy work?

A

works on the basis of polar contour - MPs should represent their constituents and not act in their own selfish interest

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19
Q

how has representative democracy in the UK been characterised?

A

through general elections to elect MPs and in local elections to elect local councillors.

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20
Q

How have voting opportunities increased?

A

elections for devolved assemblies
elections for London Mayor and assembly
Election for metro mayors
elections for police and crime commissioners

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21
Q

turnout of Manchester metro mayor 2021 election

A

34.7%

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22
Q

what is a participation crisis?

A

the idea that there s a crisis in citizen involvement in the processes aimed at influencing the government and shaping politics due to the lack of interest by a significant number of citizens.

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23
Q

how much of the electorate said they would vote in an election if they felt strongly enough about an issue?

A

58%

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24
Q

what was the tour out in 2001?

A

51.9%

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25
Q

what was the turnout in the 2019 general election?

A

67.3%

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26
Q

what was the turnout of the 1992 general election?

A

77.%

27
Q

power has become decentralised in the UK, what does the mean?

A

that power has spread out from Westminster to other institutions such as Holyrood and Metro Mayors

28
Q

how are the ways that the UKs democracy has been reformed?

A

proportional electoral systems
House of Lords reform
recall of MPs act 2015
e-democracy

29
Q

what are examples of proportional electoral systems in the UK?

A

Scottish and Welsh parliaments use AMS. Stormant uses STV

30
Q

what is the impact of proportional electoral systems?

A

minor parties have more representation in devolved institutions. SNP and Greens in coalition. Plaid Cymru and Labour in coalition. Sinn Fein and DUP in power sharing agreement even though no assembly is sitting.

31
Q

what is the average turnout in devolved elections?

A

63%

32
Q

how did the House of Lords act 1999 reform democracy?

A

limited the number of hereditary peers to 92

33
Q

how many peers are there? aug 2023

A

805

34
Q

how the House of Lords act fail to reform uk democracy?

A

the chamber is still entirely unelected. made up of around 800 lords who are unelected and cannot be held accountable

35
Q

wha is an example of someone who was made a peer which limits democracy?

A

Cameron was given a peerage by Sunak so he could become foreign secretary

36
Q

how does Cameron becoming a peer and a member of the cabinet prevent democracy?

A

he cannot be held accountable by the electorate. he cannot be scrutinised by MPs as he cannot enter the commons. he can’t take part in debates or be asked urgent questions which prevents parliament from fulfilling its functions of scrutiny

37
Q

what did the recall of MPs act 2015 do?

A

made it os MPs can lose their seat through recall petitions

38
Q

when will a recall petition be triggered?

A

if an MP is
1) convicted if an offence and received a custodial sentence
2) barred from the commons for 10 sitting or 14 calendar days
3) convicted of providing false or misleading information

39
Q

how do recall petitions work?

A

opened for 6 weeks. if 10% of the constituency signs to trigger a by-election, one is held.

40
Q

example of an MP at threat of a by-election?

A

Scott Benton 2023. Faces a 35 day suspension for lobbying in behalf of the gambling industry, he will be at threat of a by-election in his constituency in Blackpool South under the recall of MPs act 2015

41
Q

how has e-democracy reformed the UK’s democracy?

A

potions make democracy more accessible

42
Q

in the 2019 general election, which constituency had the highest turnout?

A

east Dunbartonshire 80.3%

43
Q

in the 2019 general election, which constituency had the lowest turnout?

A

Kingston upon Hull east 49.3%

44
Q

what was the runout of indyref 2014

A

84.6%

45
Q

what was the turnout of brexit?

A

72.2%

46
Q

what’s a pressure group?

A

they aim to influence politics from the outside without being elected to govern

47
Q

what type of group is the British medical association?

A

an insider group

48
Q

who do the BMA (British medical association) represent?

A

represet and negotiate on behalf of doctors for fair work environment

49
Q

what methods to the BMA use?

A

lobbying, provide evidences and campaign issues

50
Q

what type of group is just stop oil?

A

outsider

51
Q

what do just stop oil represent?

A

coalition of groups working together to ensure that the government commit to using less fossil fuel

52
Q

what influence have just stop oil had on parliament?

A

parliament passed the public order bill in 2023 saying that serious disruption caused by protesters highlight a need to protect the public

53
Q

what are think tanks?

A

group of experts that provide advice, ideas and policies proposals on political, economic ad social problems.

54
Q

are think tanks partisan?

A

yes, they usually identify with a particular position on the political spectrum

55
Q

what is the mai output of think tanks?

A

the publication of their research and policy work

56
Q

what is the Adam Smith Institute’s political leaning?

A

centre-right

57
Q

what are the views of the Adam Smith Institute?

A

'’we work to promote a free market, neoliberal ideas through research, publishing, media, outreach and education.’

58
Q

what is the Adam Smith Institute’s strategy?

A

longterm, change the landscape of opinion. short term, change policy

59
Q

what tangible influence has the Adam Smith Institute had?

A

1980’s privatisation of key industries
NHS should establish an internal market with hospitals buying use of facilities from other areas (now NHS policy).
Education - many of the Institutes recommendations were in the educational reform act 1988 including more power to head teachers.

60
Q

what is revolving door politics?

A

former high-level public officials over into roles in the private Spector and back again

61
Q

what is an example of revolving door politics?

A

Cameron becoming peer and foreign secretary

62
Q

what are lobbyists?

A

individuals and firms that are paid by clients to influence government and or MPs or lords to act in their clients interests

63
Q
A

UK Politics (5 decks)

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