political organization

Question 1

political organization

Answer 1

the portion of a social system that relates to the individuals/groups that manage affairs of a public policy or try to influence those who manage public policy affairs, regulated relations among individuals/groups to avoid or reduce conflict

Question 2

political science

Answer 2

focuses on societies that have state type organization

Question 3

political anthropology

Answer 3

studies societies that have one of other 3 organizations

Question 4

band

Answer 4

characteristic of foragers, group of <100 people, they are related by blood/marriage or fictive kinship, typically nomadic, usually egalitarian

Question 5

fictive kinship

Answer 5

people that aren’t technically related but treated as such

Question 6

band leader

Answer 6

usually male, first among equals, achieved status, prestige no real political power

Question 7

the band leader…

Answer 7

… offeres advice and suggestions but no way to enforce them, no formal laws, rules about what is proper and improper behavior

Question 8

band conflict resolution: groups

Answer 8

one group leaves to join another band or forms a new band

Question 9

band conflict resolution: individuals

Answer 9

one individual leaves to join another band, public physical confrontation, or public song duel

Question 10

polygyny

Answer 10

one husband multiple wives

Question 11

tribe

Answer 11

common in horticultural and pastoralists societies, no socioeconomic stratification, no formal centralized gov

Question 12

the village head

Answer 12

leader of a single village, common in small horticultural villages

Question 13

the Yanomami

Answer 13

25,000 in Amazon (Venezuela and Brazil), 200-250 villages (50-400 ppl), horticulturalists who hunt/gather fish

Question 14

the big man

Answer 14

leader of region, achieved status, must be generous, serves as regulator of regional events, can mobilize supporters

Question 15

chiefdom

Answer 15

in between tribe and state, a kin-based society

Question 16

kin-based society

Answer 16

society made up of family members, inequality, formal centralized gov, permeant political structure

Question 17

office

Answer 17

a government position that must be refilled when it is vacated

Question 18

intensive horticulture

Answer 18

cultivation is more intensive than regular horticulture but less intensive than agriculture

Question 19

state

Answer 19

It encompasses many unrelated people within its territory, has centralized gov, state comes in different versions (monarchy, dictatorship, democracy)

Question 20

state vs chiefdom: similarities

Answer 20

permanent political structure with offices, formal centralized gov, inequality

Question 21

state vs chiefdom: differences

Answer 21

chiefdom is a kin-based society and state is not

Question 22

state functions

Answer 22

population control and population protection

Question 23

population control

Answer 23

state wants to know how many people are in its territory, how they are distributed and what general characteristics are, sometimes it restricts movement from one part of the territory to the other, distinguishes between insiders and outsiders

Question 24

population protection

Answer 24

standing army protects people from outsiders attacks or attacks outsiders if state interest or population are threatened

Question 25

legislation

Answer 25

the process of making laws

Question 26

law

Answer 26

defines rules, rule violations and punishments of rule violators, regulates relations between: groups or individuals with in a state and states and other states

Question 27

judiciary function

Answer 27

application of law through a court system

Question 28

law enforcements

Answer 28

state has agents that enforce judicial decisions, they carry out punishments decided by courts, arrest criminals, collect fines, executions etc.

Question 29

fiscal functions

Answer 29

pertains to revenue collection and government expenses, revenue collection through taxation, salaries of gov members, members of judiciary, law enforcement agents, teachers, etc…, building or repairing infrastructures, maintaining military.