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Cultural Anthropology 111 > Chapter 1: What is Anthropology? > Flashcards

Chapter 1: What is Anthropology? Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropos

A

human being

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2
Q

logos

A

talk, discussion, discourse

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3
Q

Anthropology

A

the study of humankind and our ancestors

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4
Q

Holistic

A

whole, studies all of human existence (customs, traditions, biology, religion, archeology)

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5
Q

Comparative

A

studies biological and cultural similarities and differences among human populations and tries to explain them

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6
Q

adaptation

A

changes over time, process through which organisms cope with environmental stresses

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7
Q

biological

A

happens to the body

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8
Q

cultural

A

happens outside the body

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9
Q

four subfields of anthropology

A

cultural, archeology, biological, linguistic

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10
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

contemporary cultures

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11
Q

Biological anthropology

A

human body, past and present, variation thru time and space

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12
Q

Archaeology

A

past cultures thru material remains (no human remains)

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13
Q

Linguistic anthropology

A

language; past and present

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14
Q

ethnography

A

study of a specific culture thru fieldwork or books that result from ethnographic fieldwork, one culture

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15
Q

ethnology

A

comparative study of cultures thru data collected by ethnographers, does not do fieldwork, multiple cultures

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16
Q

palaeoanthropology

A

studies human evolution and ancestors

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17
Q

primatology

A

studies non-human primates

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18
Q

human genetics

A

studies human genetic variation across space and time

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19
Q

archaeology

A

the study of the human past thru its material remains

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20
Q

mound

A

a hill that is made intentionally, results from human activity

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21
Q

material remains studied by archaeologist

A

artifacts, plant and animal remains, features (houses, fortified walls)

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22
Q

Prehistoric

A

without written history

23
Q

Historic

A

with written history

24
Q

cuneiform

A

3300 BC, Mesopotamia (Iraq), oldest written records, Sumerian

25
Q

Garbology

A

study of modern garbage, in order to better understand consumer habits, recycling behavior

26
Q

ethnoarchaeology

A

study of contemporary cultures with the goal of better understanding ancient cultures

27
Q

nomadic

A

hunter-gatherers, move around the land in search of resources

28
Q

Archaeologist study…?

A

…plants and animals that co-existed with humans

29
Q

linguistic anthropology

A

study of language in its socio/cultural context over space and time

30
Q

sociolinguistics

A

investigates relationships between social and linguistic variation

31
Q

Historical linguistics

A

studies linguistic variation through time

32
Q

linguistic trees

A

charts that show how languages develop and change over time, like family trees

33
Q

Applied Anthropology

A

application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory and methods to solve contemporary problems

34
Q

Anthropology is…

A

…both a science and a part of humanities, is a Humanistic science

35
Q

What is science?

A

a series of steps used to produce reliable explanations about the empirical world

36
Q

Science studies…

A

… anything that can be observed, measured, and/or tested directly or indirectly

37
Q

Scientific hypothesis can only be…

A

…falsified, they CANNOT be verified

38
Q

Cultural Anthropology vs. Sociology

A

both study social phenomena; different methods of data collection/analysis

39
Q

Cultural Anthropology vs. Political Science

A

both study political organizations and phenomena

40
Q

Political Anthropology…

A

…tends to focus on societies that DO NOT have a state type of political organization

41
Q

pastoralism

A

based on the large number of exploitation of domestic animals

42
Q

Cultural Anthropology vs. Economics

A

both study economic behaviors

43
Q

Economists focus on…

A

national and international economic policies, official economic institutions, big corporations

44
Q

Economic anthropologist

A

focus on societies that do not use money

45
Q

Cultural anthropologists always focus on…

A

…the local level

46
Q

Cultural anthropology vs psychology

A

both study psychological characteristics and processes

47
Q

Psychological Anthropologists

A

study cross-cultural variation and emphasizes roles of culture in shaping human cognition, emotion, perception, motivation, and mental health

48
Q

Samoan Islands

A

in oceania, off the east coast of Australia

49
Q

culture

A

a set of behaviors, such as language, beliefs, morals, laws, economic activities, political organization, art, crafts, and customs, that are passed from generation to generation

50
Q

Culture is…

A

…acquired, it is not inherited

51
Q

How is culture acquired?

A

through learning

52
Q

Enculturation

A

the process by which a child learns their culture

53
Q

food taboos

A

rules against the consumption of certain foods

54
Q

association

A

when one variable changes, the other one also changes

Cultural Anthropology 111 (10 decks)

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