Economy

Question 1

economy

Answer 1

a system of acquisition, distribution, and consumption of resources

Question 2

economy is studied by…

Answer 2

…economics and economic anthropology

Question 3

economics

Answer 3

tends to focus on economies of industrial societies

Question 4

economic anthropology

Answer 4

tends to focus on economics of non-industrial societies

Question 5

foraging

Answer 5

they get their food directly from nature, wild plants and wild animals, gathering and hunting/fishing

Question 6

contemporary foragers

Answer 6

live in nation-states, have contact with food producers

Question 7

foragers are typically…

Answer 7

…nomadic, they move around in search of food

Question 8

foragers tools

Answer 8

generally simple but well adapted to the tasks they serve

Question 9

in foraging groups…

Answer 9

…everyone works but division pf labor along gender lines, usually women gather plants and men hunt

Question 10

indigenous people of northwest coast

Answer 10

they lived in permanent settlements (villages), food came exclusively from fishing/gathering/hunting

Question 11

horticulture

Answer 11

cultivation domesticated plants in small fields/gardens (small-scale)

Question 12

cultivation

Answer 12

non-intensive use of means of production (land, labor, and tools), fields not permenantly cultivated, a field is cultivated for 1-2 yrs and then fallow because nutrients in soil are depleted, then another piece of land starts being cultivated

Question 13

slash and burn

Answer 13

clearing a small part of the forest by cutting and burning trees and other vegetation, ash serves as a fertilizer

Question 14

horticulturists typically live in…

Answer 14

…small villages

Question 15

agriculture

Answer 15

cultivation of domesticated plants that is more extensive and intensive than horticulture, cultivation of more land, more intensive use of land, more intensive use of labor, and use of domesticated animals and tools

Question 16

use of domesticated animals

Answer 16

for plowing and transportation

Question 17

sedentism

Answer 17

staying in the same place year round

Question 18

agriculture is…

Answer 18

…labor intensive and it produces a lot of food

Question 19

pros and cons of agriculture

Answer 19

yields a lot of food, requires a lot of work, expands at forests expense, reduces biodiversity, less carbon dioxide absorption, agriculture has antagonistic relationship with forest

Question 20

pastoralism

Answer 20

intensive exploitation of large numbers of domesticated animals, keeping, raising, and breeding animals, a stable source of meat, milk/dairy, leather, blood, wool, bones (for tools), means of transportation

Question 21

pastoral nomadism

Answer 21

whole group accompanies herd throughout year

Question 22

transhumane

Answer 22

pastoralist group has a stable base (village) in area w/ good pasture land, women, kids, elderly stay in village in area with good pasture land, men move away with herd for multiple months

Question 23

in practice…

Answer 23

…people sometimes combine elements from different subsistence systems (cultivation with hunting, gathering or fishing, cultivation with animal herding)

Question 24

generalized reciprocy

Answer 24

giver gives without expecting something in return, no account is kept, between people with close personal ties

Question 25

balanced reciprocy

Answer 25

characteristic of exchanges between people more distinctly related than members of same family or band, giver expects something in return, return does not to come immediately but it has to come

Question 26

negative reciprocy

Answer 26

between people with no personal or social ties, stealing/ excessive bargaining

Question 27

redistribution

Answer 27

usually found in non-egalitarian societies (elite vs. masses), large quantities of food and other goods produced by the masses are collected by central authority, elite retains a substantial portion and uses it

Question 28

the market principle

Answer 28

the process of exchange determined by law of supply and demand, value of goods and services determined by law of supply and demand