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Human Geography > Political Geography > Flashcards

Political Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest and smallest state , micro states are most often

A

Russia 17.1 mill. Square kilometers
Monaco 1.5 square kilometers
Islands

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2
Q

When was UN created and why? Who did it replace

A

End of WWII
Facilitator of discussions regarding international affairs
League of Nations

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3
Q

Embers hip of UN increased when and why

A

1955: 16 European joined as result of Nazi Germany breakup
1960: 17 former African colonies
1990-1993: 26 bc of Soviet Union and Yugoslavia breakup

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4
Q

What do UN members do ?, when did a veto to peace happen

A

Peacekeeping and contribute military
Can veto peacekeeping (security council)
Soviet Union and US , sent troops to Korea after walk out

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5
Q

Why does disagreement occur about actual number of sovereign states? Examples

A

Historical disputes with more than one claim to territory
China: Taiwan and China Most countries consider sovereign, China considers it a part of them
Western Sahara: African countries consider sovereign, Morocco claims , built 2,700 wall , Polisario front

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6
Q

What is most populous state out of UN

A

Taiwan

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7
Q

Countries with claims to south poles, countries with conflicting claims , those who do not recognize claims

A

Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the U.K.

Chile U.K. Argentina
US and Russia

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8
Q

Antarctic treaty of 1959 , 1982 United Nations conventions allowed what

A

Legal Framework for managing, signed by 47 states
Research no claims, rich in resources
Law of the sea to commit claims inside Arctic circle in 2009

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9
Q

Development of states is traced to the , it is a crossroads between, it allowed .. And .. Communications. In ancient world

A

Fertile Crescent , arc between Persian gulf and Med. sea
Asia Africa and Europe
Land and sea

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10
Q

First states known as

A

City states , sovereign states comprised of town and surrounding countryside
Walls = boundaries
Outside walls food for urban residents

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11
Q

Medieval states gained what to form what? Collapse of Roman Empire in fifth century led to

A

Military dominance in city states, empires

Land being parceled up and controlled by monarchies

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12
Q

Periodically one city or tribe gained mil. Dominance in over another in Mesopotamia which leads to

A

Empires like

Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians

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13
Q

What is a nation state and what do they have? Who and what era has the most nation states

A

State this territory responds to occupied by particular ethnicity
Self determination
20th century Europe

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14
Q

After WWI leaders of victorious countries met at Versailles peace conference to redraw , what was most important criterion, lasted through?

A

Map of Europe , language , most of 20th century

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15
Q

When the nazis were around speaking constituted? What happened after defeated ?, what ceased to exist and what did it become part of

A

One nationality unified into one state
Two separate Germany’s
German Democratic Republic , German federal public
-no resemblance to upheavals of 20th century

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16
Q

Multi ethnic state is, all contribute what to single nationality , they have traditions of?
What was a good example until fall in 1990 and what is a good example now

A

State with more than one ethnicity
Cultural traits , United States
Self determination
Soviet Union, Russia

17
Q

Why are multinational states never perfect and what are two outcomes

A

Boundaries

Coexist in peace, try to dominate especially if more numerous

18
Q

Nation states in Europe , other ten percent in Denmark are a result of , what two places does Denmark control with ethnic Danes

A

Denmark: 90% ethnic Danes , nearly all speak Danish, mostly all in Denmark
Slovenia: 83% ethnic Slovenes , all live in Slovenia , National Assembly has seat for Hungarian and Hungary because after WWI boundaries left some in Italy

Guest workers from turkey or refugees form ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
Greenland and Faroe

19
Q

Independent nation states in former soviet republics

A

15 republics based on 15 largest ethnicities

Became 15 independent states consisting of five groups

20
Q

How did Karl Marx explain nationalism and how did Europe look at ethnicities back then , what did they used to use

A 
Way for dominate social class to maintain power
Unimportant relic 
Now important because of breakup of SU and creation of nation states 
Centripetal force: Russian language socialist realism, role of religion demoted
21
Q

Soviet Union Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia who wanted to be dismantled

A

Russia, Serbs, Czechs

Wanted to be independent nation state

22
Q

Three European why Belarus and Ukraine , Moldova is indistinguishable from , what happened to both

A 
Belarus 81
Ukraine 78
Moldova 78
-speak similar East Slavic 
-orthodox Christians 
Western Ukraine- Roman Catholic 
Isolated by Mongolians and invasions by Lithuanians and poles 
Romanians - soviets seized, boundary was Dniester and birth Ukraine and Russians didn't want them to reunify with Romania
23
Q

Five central Asian

A

Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
-Muslims Altaic language , more peaceful than a nation state
Kyrgyzstan - resent Russians for taking best farmland
Kazakhstan - two times as large as rest put together, less depressed economy than Russia
Tajikistan -Indic group of indo Iranian branch of language , civil war between Tajiks and Muslims (comm. and fundamentalists) 15% homeless

24
Q

Largest multinational state?, 39 ethnicities clustered into two locations ?,

A

Borders with enough boring states
Mongolia: buryats tuvinian
Chechens, Dagestani, Kabardins, and Ossetians near the Azerbaijan and Georgia
Center of Russia: Ural Mountains, Volga river basin
Bashkirs, Chuvash, and Tatars.

25
Q

Which is the most troublesome ethnicity for Russia ? Why did Russia want Chechens

A

Sunni Muslims who speak Caucasian language
Chechnya: after fifty year war came under Russian control
Petroleum and scared others would follow

26
Q

Where is caucus region located , what happened with the break up of the region

A

Black and caspian seas
Many ethnicities - Georgians, Armenians, Azeris
Long simmering conflicts erupted with armed conflicts

27
Q

Azerbaijan , Armenia, Georgians , list their struggles

A

Hold position in Iran govt. but restricted on teaching
Most ethnically homogenous region 98%, split by SU and turkey - Armenians and Azeris went to war after became independent
Ossetians and abkhazians especially unrest , both recognized as independent in Russia but only handful of other countries recognize

28
Q

What is a colony? What may a sovereign state do, after Latin America and us declared independence where did colonialism turn to , what are the two largest colonial empires

A

Territory legally tied to a sovereign state and not independent

-only military and foreign policy, internal affairs

Africa and Asia

United Kingdom and France

29
Q

Us department of states lists 68 places that are ? 43 are ? And 25 are ? Most current colonies are in islands of?

A

Dependencies and area of special sovereignty
Indigenous
No permanent population
Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

30
Q

What are the most populous of the colonies left and what is the least populated

A

Puerto Rico commonwealth of 4 mill, no vote or member of congress
Pitcairn Islands - untied kingdom, 48 members sell fish and posts ramps

31
Q

Colonies that do not count , and others

A

Australia’s Howe island, chiles Easter island, Britain Ascension Island
Greenland: queen of Denmark is head
Hong Kong and Macao: attached to mainland of China, independent in economic affairs but not in foreign and military affairs

32
Q

What used to separate a state instead of a boundary ? Desert boundary ? Where are they and what are two examples

A

Frontier - zone where no state exercises political control
Divides two states well because hard to cross and sparse
On Africa and Asia
Sharada and Chad an Libya

33
Q

Physical boundaries v. Cultural boundaries

A

Coincide with significant features of natural landscape

Follow distribution of cultural characteristics

34
Q

Mountain boundary and water boundary

A

Effectively separate if difficult to cross
- permanent quality and sparsely populated
Rivers lakes and oceans
-less permanent because the water levels change and move
Rio grande that separated US and Mexico land that was once on United States side is now on Mexico vice versa
Argentina and chile agreed on Andes mountains

35
Q

Geometric boundaries and ethnic boundaries

A

Straight lines drawn on map 2,100 km , 49 degree north latitude that separates us and Canada

36
Q

Definition of a state , a state has

A

Area organized by political unit and ruled by govt. that has control over internal and external affairs
Defined territory
Permanent pop.
Sovereignty

Human Geography (11 decks)

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