Chapter 1 Flashcards
Elements of projection
Distance
Size
Shape
Direction
Ways to put scale
Written
Fractions or ratio: map to real life
Graphic
Equal area projection
Relative size of land masses is same
Types of distortion
Eastern and western hemispheres split : interruption
Medians: converge at north and south but not on Map
Robinson: info across oceans, land smaller
Mercator: size towards poles is distorted
Geographic grid is made up of, good for
Imaginary arcs across, parallels and meridians
Telling time
Meridian
North and south poles, longitude
Prime meridian is in Greenwich
All have same length
Parallels
Parallel to equator at right angles to meridians
Derived earths shape and rotation around sun length of daylight and pos. Of stars
How do you identify location
Site, name, situation
Longitude helps in telling…
Time Gmt or Ut master reference for all points on earth
15 degree band of longitude is assigned standard time zone
International dateline
Auckland and Honolulu
West to east add one hour for each time zone
East to west back 24 hours
Why have people moved back dateline
For trade with partners, or to have first sunrise
GIScience
Info gathered from satellite development and analysis of earth
What happens as a result of GIScience
More complex and accurate maps
Remote sensing
Acquiring of info through satellite or other long distance method
Images in digital form
Agriculture, drought
What does GPS do
Defines precise location and contributes to accurate maps
GIS
Computer system
Info stored in layer
GIS helps show if relationships Are
Coincidence or significant
What is essential for geographers to describe similarities and differences
Features
How do you describe a features place
Location:’position it occupies on space
What can a toponym do
Describe founder, features of physical, origin of settlers
Site
Physical character of place
What is essential in selecting locations
Site, distinctive character
Situation
Location of place relative to others
Comparing to similar
Understanding importance (accessibility to other places)
Region is defined by
One or more distinctive characteristics
Formal functional vernacular
Cultural landscape
Combination of cultural features, how it gains unification
How does a region gain uniqueness
Combination of Human/environmental characteristics and their relationships
Formal region / functional region
One or more distinctive traits in common , present throughout , STILL recognize diversity when generalizing
Functional regions: nodal focal point dominates
What is common language or crop a part of
Formal region
What ties people to node in functional region
Transportation, communications, economics
What does appropriate scale depend on
Portion being portrayed
What is breaking down functional regions
Technology
Used to display info about economic areas
Functional region
Vernacular region
Exists as part of culture identity and sense of place
Mental map
Why is each region distinctive
Culture: body of customary beliefs, material traits, social forms that constitute tradition
Look at what cultural beliefs are and distribution
Culture comes from root
Cultus care about, take care of
Cultural values (care about)
Religion, language, ethnicity
What do cultural values do
Identify location and distribution
Care of
Production of material wealth
Developed and developed countries
Spatial association
Environmental factors that display similar spatial distribution
If distribution is similar association is strong
Why do similarities not result from coincidence
Scale, space connections
Study human reactions from what scales
Local to global
What has globalization led to
Transnational corporations : conducts research, sells, and operates in places all over the world not just headquarters
What have transnational corporations led to
More specialization , each place has certain asset
How do transnational remain competitive
Finding optimal location and spatial division of labor where regions workers specialize
Uniform cultural preferences form
Uniform global landscapes
