Political Culture Flashcards
What drove Elizabethan policy?
Elizabethan policy was driven by fears of ceaseless social disorder
What happened during the Tudor era with regards to the nature of the state?
The Tudor era saw the emergence of centralising tendencies (e.g. Tudor Revolution in government)
What helped form a centre-periphery links in the Tudor state?
Centre-periphery links were facilitated by the county commissioners encouraging ‘civic duty’ from 1580s onwards
How can we characterise Tudor institutions?
Tudor institutions ranged from ad hoc to permanent institutions, creating flexible centre-periphery links
How can the range of institutions facilitating centre-periphery links be illustrated?
The Star Chamber bound circuit judges to collective responsibility, re-enforcing emerging ideas of delegated authority- publicising royal policy kingdom-wide
What is the consensus in historiography with regard to institutions?
There is consensus in historiography that efficiency of central institutions is difficult to gauge
How does A. Fletcher support an interpretation of growing state influence?
A. Fletcher’s county study shows that 57% of ALL statues on Justices were passed in the Tudor era
What does S. Hindle claim contrary to traditional historiography?
S. Hindle claims that contrary to traditional historiography, Tudor government had pervasive social depth and centre-periphery interests commonly aligned
What was the nature of criminal courts by 1600?
By 1600 criminal courts were the busiest they’ve ever been
What does C. Brooks claim in regards to cultural approaches to disputes?
C. Brooks claims in regard to disputes that there was a cultural shift from personal justice to legalised mechanisms
What does traditional historiography of Tudor government ignore?
Traditional historians arguably ignore how multilateral governments were: they provided an authority FOR the state not at the expense of the state
What does S. Hindle concede with regards to Elizabethan government?
S. Hindle concedes that Elizabethan government lacked scale and modern bureaucracy
What was the nature of cultural developments of understandings of the state?
There was little definitional clarification of cultural understandings of state such as common weal, body politic, state
According to A. Giddens, what was there more use of in the political nation under Elizabeth? What is a problem of this?
A. Giddens suggests that there was an increase in coercive power during Elizabeth’s reign - but there is of course evidence of this in earlier monarchs
What was governance in the Tudor era dependent upon?
Tudor governance was dependent on achieving compliance of subjects below gentry status- otherwise changes in the pace of power could prove self-destructive
How can an increase in the reach of the Privy Council be exemplified?
The Privy Council’s increase in reach can be seen in Lord Keeper Bacon’s threatening of county officials with royal visitors in the 1570s
What was the nature of the Privy Council - region relationship?
The Privy council rarely tested its power against local particularism
What does S. Hindle criticise about coverage of the sixteenth-century state?
S. Hindle criticises interpretations of the state being a set of institutions rather than as a network of relationships- we should look at goverNANCE rather than governMENT
What are the two aspects of the Tudor state covered in historiography?
The historiography of the Tudor state covers both institutions and their impact and ideology and its adoption
What can be said about the nature of the Tudor state as a relationship?
The state arguably did not begin and end with G.. Elton’s points of contact- there was delegation and ideological assimilation to consider
Who claims that the ‘state’ was a participatory culture?
C. Herrup claims the ‘state; to be a participatory culture - common weal and civic duty
Who is a contemporary source that supports the idea of the state being a participatory culture?
Sir John Fortescue suggests that dominum politicum et regale was dependent on the commitment of persons and property to the commonwealth
What was the relationship between popular politics and intellectual culture in Tudor England?
The Tradition of active political participation was stimulated by Humanist culture - but link this to ideas of humanism little impact
Who characterises the Privy Council as semi-republican?
P. Collinson characterises the Privy Council as semi-republican
How does D. Sacks depict the relationship between traditional political culture and new?
Traditional ideas of community centred governance and emerging ordered kingship were not compatible
How can we support the idea of old and new political cultures not meshing, how can we criticise?
D. Sacks interpretation of new and old political culture can be supported by looking at Elizabeth’s Golden Speech (1601) and can be criticised be considering the Great Chain of Being
What must be remembered about the impact of political culture in creating citizens out of subjects?
Although at the centre the idea of citizenry was taking form, its spreading depended on literacy rates
What can be said about the role of religion in political culture?
An increase in politicisation does not have to be secular and ration as is often assumed, but can be deeply religious
What did P. Williams assert about England by 1600?
P. Williams asserted that by 1600 England was more intensely governed
Who is the doyen for traditional interpretations of Tudor parliaments?
The doyen for traditional interpretations of Tudor parliaments is J. Neale- he suggests that parliament was for legislation and tax with intermittent meetings until it became a force of reckoning under Elizabeth
Who is both a traditional and a revisionist historian for the history of Tudor parliaments and why?
G. Elton, originally he suggested that the Commons was a collection of local representatives which grew into being a political partner of the crown, however he later revised this to highlight Commons and Lords tensions and the lack of faction in parliament
What has been a recent shift in historiography of Tudor parliaments?
A recent shift in historiography of Tudor parliaments is that we often now focus on the co-operation which existed rather than the faction and self-interest- as these were intermittent not continual
Why did Tudor bills often fail?
Tudor bills often failed because they lacked drafts, there was insufficient lobbying, parliamentary sessions were too short, and monarchical veto
How many bills did Elizabeth veto between 1559-1581?
Elizabeth vetoed 26 bills in the period 155-1581 (i.e. her “first reign”)
What was the traditional interpretation of Mary’s parliaments?
The traditional interpretation of Mary’s parliaments was that she was a “sterile” legislative failure (J. Neale)
Who is the doyen for revisionist historiography of Marian parliaments?
The doyen for revisionist historiography of Marian parliaments is J. Loach, she argues that Mary faced little opposition to her legislation, but concedes she was less active than her siblings
