Political change in SA Flashcards
Why did SA’s control of its borders become far more tenuous by the mid 1970s? (Portuguese?) (Rhodesia?)
Despite this could SA maintain dominant over these nations?
-Control over borders became for more tenuous for SA as former allies in the form of Portuguese colonies gained their independence.
-Rhodesia was gripped by a vicious war in which the black population were fighting to end white governance.
-Despite this SA could maintain its economic influence.
What did Zambia, Malawi, Botswana and Swaziland all rely on SA for?
What supplies did these nations rely on SA for?
How many surplus workers were employed from these neighbours by SA in 1984?
Did efforts from these countries to reduce dependence on SA succeed?
-They all relied on SA for trade and egress to ports.
-SA controlled oil and electricity supplies to these neighbours.
-280,000 employed surplus workers in 1984.
-NO. Efforts from these countries to reduce dependence on SA failed.
What countries in particular had SA relied on the Portuguese to control its borders to?
What happened in 1974 Portugal? What did this mean for its colonies in Africa?
What was Rhodesia renamed after the creation of black majority rule 1979?
-SA relied on SA to control its borders to Angola and Mozambique.
-1974 the dictatorial regime in Portugal was overthrown and a new democratic gov’t gave these countries their independence.
-1979 Rhodesia saw the creation of black majority rule in the renamed Zimbabwe.
Who did SA join forces with in an attempt to stop the Marxist FRELIMO group from taking power in Mozambique?
Were they successful?
What agreement was established between Mozambique and SA by 1984?
-SA joined forces with Rhodesia in offering support to RENAMO against the group FRELIMO.
-NO. The SADF and RENAMO were defeated by FRELIMO.
-SA signed the Nkomati Accord in 1984.
-It agreed to stop supporting opposition groups in Mozambique if the gov’t there closed ANC bases.
Where was SA’s most significant involvement abroad?
Who did they side with to support the group UNITA against?
What operation did they launch in 1975?
How many SA troops were deployed in the incursion?
How did SA became isolated during this mission?
When did the USA withdraw?
What did it continue to offer UNITA despite this?
What battle fully made SA withdraw from Angola 1988?
-SA’s most significant involvement was in Angola where a civil war followed independence.
-It sided with the USA to support UNITA against the MPLA.
-They launched operation Susannah in 1975.
-3000 SA troops were deployed in the incursion.
-However, US support shrank and SA became isolated.
-USA withdrew in 1976 July.
-Although it continued to offer covert assistance to UNITA.
-In 1986 Angolan gov’t forces launched an offensive to destroy UNITA. SA forces came to their aid but were defeated at the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale 1988.
-Following the battle they finally withdrew from Angola.
When did SA take the former German South-West Africa?
What did the UN declare this by 1973?
Who were SA embroiled in full scale war with in Namibia?
When did this war end?
What was SA accused of in Namibia?
What did SA do at the Kassinga refugee camp 1978?
-SA took the former German South-West Africa as a mandate after WWI and effectively governed it as a colony.
-The UN declared this as illegal by 1973.
-SA was embroiled in a full scale war with the independence movement SWAPO.
-This continued until peace negotiations took place in 1989 following UN Resolution 435, which proposed a ceasefire and UN-supervised elections.
-SA was accused of atrocities in Namibia.
-SA launched an airborne attack on the Kassinga refugee camp (17 helicopters and fighterbombers) unleashed on thousands.
Who did SA give aid to Rhodesian forces in a fight against?
What did the SA gov’t increasingly think once Angola and Mozambique gained their independence?
What did they concentrate the efforts on instead?
When did Zimbabwe officially become independent?
-Independence groups.
-SA government increasingly felt the Rhodesian regime was unsustainable.
-They began to concentrate their efforts on convincing the white supermacist gov’t to negotiate with more moderate black groups.
-Zimbabwe officially became independent in 1980.
