Increasing pressures on NP governments Flashcards
By the late 1970s what was the NP dividing into?
What happened by the 1980s?
What devices were used initially to suggest reform whilst satisfying rival groups within the NP?
What was the name of the Department of Bantu Affairs changed to?
How did pejorative words in official gov’t alter to cause less offence i.e. ‘Discrimination’?
-The NP was dividing into opposing wings, one of which favoured limited reform and the other a more conservative opposed all change.
-In the early 1980s, this was split away to become the Conservative Party, while others formed even more extreme groups prepared to use extra-parliamentary violence to maintain apartheid.
-Initially cosmetic devices to suggest reform were used.
-The Department of Bantu Affairs was changed to the Collective Department.
-‘Discrimination’ became ‘differentiation’.
What Scandal the NP face in 1978?
What happened?
Which English language newspaper was funded to support the apartheid regime?
What countries received bribes to support the regime?
What were the rest of the funds used for?
-In 1978 the NP faced the ‘Muldergate’ scandal.
-In this scandal large sums of money were discovered to have been syphone off to pay for propoganda purposes.
-The publication of an English language newspaper the Citizen, to support the regime.
-Bribes were distributed in countries such as the USA and Britain to promote the regime.
-The rest of the funds were syphoned off for the perpetrators’ own uses.
Who was the scandal focused around?
Who resigned from 1977 due to his implication in the scandal before it was revealed?
How did Mulder’s network threaten the very position of gov’t?
-The scandal was focused around Minister of Information Mulder who had been a potential candidate for PM in 1977.
-PM Vorster resigned in 1977: it was subsequently discovered he had been implicated, hence his prescient resignation.
-Mulder was associated with other senior figures, thus threatening the very position of gov’t.
Who replaced the state president following his death in 1978?
Who did this pave the way for to become PM?
What happened when Vorster’s involvement in the Scandal was discovered in 1978 June?
-Vorster replaced the state president following his death in 1978.
-This paved the way for P.W. Both, the Minister of Defence who was not implicated in the Scandal to become PM.
-In 1978 a report discovered Vorster’s involvement, forcing him to resign from the presidency.
Following the Muldergate scandal and his resignation what did Mulder go onto form with other intransigents from the NP?
What did this later become due to Botha’s constitutional reforms?
What position did it take from the PFP in the 1980s within parliament?
-Mulder reluctantly resigned from the NP. He went on to form the Conservative Party.
-This was to become the Conservative Party of South Africa formed by opponents of Botha’s constitutional reforms.
-This became the most significant opposition group in the 1980s- to the right of the National Party.
What did SA have to finance which was extremely costly?
What international market added to this strain in the SA economy?
What crisis in 1973 affected most developed countries across the globe?
-Maintaing and subsidising Bantustans added with the expense of defence meant the economy was struggling.
-The fluctuating price of gold in international markets.
-SA like most developed countries also suffered from huge increases in oil prices as a result of the 1973 oil crisis.
What did the GDP increase less than which meant the general population got poorer during the 1970s?
What was inflation never less than during this period (%)?
By 1977 were more people coming into SA than leaving?
What was the peak white population in 1936? 1980?
-Part of the problem was that the GDP increased less than population so people as a whole became poorer-including whites.
-Inflation was never less than 10%.
-NO. By 1977 more people were leaving SA than coming in. Many of those leaving were professionals.
-1936= 21%
-1980= 16%
How much did SA spend of its GDP on defence in 1960?(%) 1980s?
How large had the SADF grown betwen 1960-65? What encouraged continued growth of the SADF?
-1960 SA spent 1% of its GDP on defence.
-Mid 1980s this had risen ot 4%.(13% of gov’t expenditure)
-The SADF had doubled in size between 1960-65.
-It continued to grow as its foreign commitments became more complex and widespread.
What did the successful fights for independence from SA’s neighbours turn them into?
In August 1975 who did SA invade to impose its client organisation UNITA?
What had military spending in 1977 peaked the GDP % at?
Where were forces being deployed during this time?(What happened in SA?)
-As SA’s neighbours won their independence they turned from allies into hostility.
-August 1975 SA invaded Angola to impost its client organisation, UNITA.
-By 1977 military spending peaked at 5% of GDP, with forces being deployed both externally and internally as a result of the Soweto uprising.
