Political and Diplomatic changes after the failed revolutions (All of Booklet 2) Flashcards
Victor Emmanuel: Who did he appoint as PM? and what did he do which allowed a liberal parliament?
Massimo Azeglio
He allowed the Statuto to remain.
Victor Emmanuel: What was one of his first actions as King of Piedmont?
To shell Genoa where radicals were entrenched
Failure of Azeglio: Why was the king and Azeglio so Anti-Clerical?
popes reactionaryism was opposed to the values of the Statuto.
Failure of Azeglio: What laws restricted power of the Church?
March 1850 - MP Siccardi’s ‘Siccardi Laws’
Failure of Azeglio: What did the Siccardi laws do?
Separate law courts for priests, prisoners couldn’t seek refuge in churches, Religious groups property rights reduced, Religious work holidays reduced.
Failure of Azeglio: Why did the Siccardi laws divide Piedmontese politicians?
Conservative right led by Balbo an Thaon de Revel were aligned with the Pope.
Cavour: The Connubio: Who created an alliance during the turn of 1851-52?
Cavour and Ratazzi the leader of the Centre-left creating a parliamentary alliance known as the Connubio.
Cavour: The Connubio: When was Cavour elected PM and how?
Asked VEII to make him PM in November 1852
Cavour: Anti-Clericalism: How much money did the state give the Church each year?
5 Million Lire per year
Cavour: Anti-Clericalism: What did Cavour do about the state provisions issue?
Abolished 152 monasteries 1700 benefices (positions held by priests) were supressed
Cavour: Anti-Clericalism: What did Cavour have to do in order to prevent his government from falling to church votes.
1857 - Sacked Ratazzi ending the Connubio, and changed his attitude towards the Church.
Cavour: Crushing the Radicals: What did Cavour do foiling a Mazzini plot?
1853 February - He warned Austria of a impending Mazzinian uprising.
Cavour: Crushing the Radicals: How did the Austrians react to Cavour’s warning?
Received thanks from Vienna and Austria seized property in Lombardy the citizens then fled to Piedmont.
Cavour: Crushing the Radicals: What other Uprisings did Mazzinism create?
1857 Naples and Genoa led by Mazzini
Cavour: Crushing the Radicals: How did Cavour react to the radicals two later revolt attempts?
Persecuted Mazzinian democrats and supressed the Mazzinian press.
Cavour: Actions in Government: What 3 main posts did Cavour appoint himself in in January 1855?
PM, Foreign Minister, Finance Minister.
Cavour: Actions in Government: What were his reforms in 1852?
Reforms in the financial department
Cavour: Actions in Government: What were his reforms in 1853?
Reforms in the Foreign Office
Cavour: Actions in Government: Who did he use to reform the army?
La Mamora (Minister of War)
Decline of Austrian Power: What was the decline of Austria’s power caused by?
Economic pressures from Prussia
Decline of Austrian Power: What trade agreement began to undermine Austria’s influence over the German confederation economically?
The Prussian Dominated ‘Zollverein’
Crimean War: When did Britain and France declare war on Russia?
1854
Crimean War: Why did Russia become angry at Austria?
they signed the 4 points agreement with France and Britain aimed at forcing Russia to negotiate.
Crimean War: When did Italy enter the war?
January 1855
Crimean War: How many troops did Piedmont send to Crimea?
18,000
Crimean War: Of how many Italian deaths, how many were of war wounds?
of 2000 deaths, only 30 were of war wounds the rest of Cholera.
Crimean War: What made Russia immediately sue for peace?
December 1855 Austria threatened to enter the war.
Congress of Paris: How long did the Congress last for
February to April 1856
Congress of Paris: How did the treaty show Italy was now a European discussion?
April 8th the topic of congress was the ‘Italian Question’ and Cavour was present from February to April.
Congress of Paris: What was the outcome of Piedmont’s relationship with France and Britain
They were grateful for Piedmonts help and now “owed them one.”
Overall outcome of the Crimean war and the Congress of Paris:
Austria diplomatically isolated, Italy involved in Europe, marked an end of the Treaty of Vienna. Italy had opportunity to call in (loosely) a foreign favour.
