Political and Diplomatic changes after the failed revolutions (All of Booklet 2)

Question 1

Victor Emmanuel: Who did he appoint as PM? and what did he do which allowed a liberal parliament?

Answer 1

Massimo Azeglio

He allowed the Statuto to remain.

Question 2

Victor Emmanuel: What was one of his first actions as King of Piedmont?

Answer 2

To shell Genoa where radicals were entrenched

Question 3

Failure of Azeglio: Why was the king and Azeglio so Anti-Clerical?

Answer 3

popes reactionaryism was opposed to the values of the Statuto.

Question 4

Failure of Azeglio: What laws restricted power of the Church?

Answer 4

March 1850 - MP Siccardi’s ‘Siccardi Laws’

Question 5

Failure of Azeglio: What did the Siccardi laws do?

Answer 5

Separate law courts for priests, prisoners couldn’t seek refuge in churches, Religious groups property rights reduced, Religious work holidays reduced.

Question 6

Failure of Azeglio: Why did the Siccardi laws divide Piedmontese politicians?

Answer 6

Conservative right led by Balbo an Thaon de Revel were aligned with the Pope.

Question 7

Cavour: The Connubio: Who created an alliance during the turn of 1851-52?

Answer 7

Cavour and Ratazzi the leader of the Centre-left creating a parliamentary alliance known as the Connubio.

Question 8

Cavour: The Connubio: When was Cavour elected PM and how?

Answer 8

Asked VEII to make him PM in November 1852

Question 9

Cavour: Anti-Clericalism: How much money did the state give the Church each year?

Answer 9

5 Million Lire per year

Question 10

Cavour: Anti-Clericalism: What did Cavour do about the state provisions issue?

Answer 10

Abolished 152 monasteries
1700 benefices (positions held by priests) were supressed

Question 11

Cavour: Anti-Clericalism: What did Cavour have to do in order to prevent his government from falling to church votes.

Answer 11

1857 - Sacked Ratazzi ending the Connubio, and changed his attitude towards the Church.

Question 12

Cavour: Crushing the Radicals: What did Cavour do foiling a Mazzini plot?

Answer 12

1853 February - He warned Austria of a impending Mazzinian uprising.

Question 13

Cavour: Crushing the Radicals: How did the Austrians react to Cavour’s warning?

Answer 13

Received thanks from Vienna and Austria seized property in Lombardy the citizens then fled to Piedmont.

Question 14

Cavour: Crushing the Radicals: What other Uprisings did Mazzinism create?

Answer 14

1857 Naples and Genoa led by Mazzini

Question 15

Cavour: Crushing the Radicals: How did Cavour react to the radicals two later revolt attempts?

Answer 15

Persecuted Mazzinian democrats and supressed the Mazzinian press.

Question 16

Cavour: Actions in Government: What 3 main posts did Cavour appoint himself in in January 1855?

Answer 16

PM, Foreign Minister, Finance Minister.

Question 17

Cavour: Actions in Government: What were his reforms in 1852?

Answer 17

Reforms in the financial department

Question 18

Cavour: Actions in Government: What were his reforms in 1853?

Answer 18

Reforms in the Foreign Office

Question 19

Cavour: Actions in Government: Who did he use to reform the army?

Answer 19

La Mamora (Minister of War)

Question 20

Decline of Austrian Power: What was the decline of Austria’s power caused by?

Answer 20

Economic pressures from Prussia

Question 21

Decline of Austrian Power: What trade agreement began to undermine Austria’s influence over the German confederation economically?

Answer 21

The Prussian Dominated ‘Zollverein’

Question 22

Crimean War: When did Britain and France declare war on Russia?

Answer 22

1854

Question 23

Crimean War: Why did Russia become angry at Austria?

Answer 23

they signed the 4 points agreement with France and Britain aimed at forcing Russia to negotiate.

Question 24

Crimean War: When did Italy enter the war?

Answer 24

January 1855

Question 25

Crimean War: How many troops did Piedmont send to Crimea?

Answer 25

18,000

Question 26

Crimean War: Of how many Italian deaths, how many were of war wounds?

Answer 26

of 2000 deaths, only 30 were of war wounds the rest of Cholera.

Question 27

Crimean War: What made Russia immediately sue for peace?

Answer 27

December 1855 Austria threatened to enter the war.

Question 28

Congress of Paris: How long did the Congress last for

Answer 28

February to April 1856

Question 29

Congress of Paris: How did the treaty show Italy was now a European discussion?

Answer 29

April 8th the topic of congress was the ‘Italian Question’ and Cavour was present from February to April.

Question 30

Congress of Paris: What was the outcome of Piedmont’s relationship with France and Britain

Answer 30

They were grateful for Piedmonts help and now “owed them one.”

Question 31

Overall outcome of the Crimean war and the Congress of Paris:

Answer 31

Austria diplomatically isolated, Italy involved in Europe, marked an end of the Treaty of Vienna. Italy had opportunity to call in (loosely) a foreign favour.