Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Applications I > Polishing, Gingivitis, Periodontitis > Flashcards

Polishing, Gingivitis, Periodontitis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the active ingredients in polishing materials?

A

(FAAWDA) fluoride, antimicrobials, anticalculus, whitening, desensitizing, antihalitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the inactive ingredients in polishing materials?

A

(HWSPAT) abrasive, humectant, water, sweetener, preservative, thickening agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the purpose of fluoride in polishing material?

A

caries reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the purpose of antimicrobials in polishing material?

A

plaque reduction, reduces inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the purpose of anti-calculus ingredients in polishing material?

A

reduce level of calculus growth (but does not eliminate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the purpose of whitening agents in polishing material?

A

removes stains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the purpose of desensitizing material in polishing material?

A

reduces root sensitivity (does NOT reduce tissue sensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the purpose of antihalitosis/malodor in polishing material?

A

reduces bad breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the purpose of abrasive in polishing material? what percentage does it make up?

A

deposit removal, 20-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the purpose of humectants in polishing material? what percentage does it make up?

A

retains moisture, 20-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the purpose of water in polishing material? what percentage does it make up?

A

solvent and helps to reach desired consistency, 20-49%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the purpose of sweetener in polishing material? what percentage does it make up?

A

taste, 2-3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the purpose of preservative in polishing material? what percentage does it make up?

A

increase shelf life, <1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the purpose of thickening agent in polishing material? what percentage does it make up?

A

prevent separation of ingredients, 1-2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

examples of anti-caries ingredients

A

sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, stannous fluroide, xylitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

examples of anti-plaque/anti-gingivitis/anti-microbial ingredients

A

triclosan/copolymer, stannous fluoride, zinc citrate, baking soda, hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of anti-calculus ingredients

A

tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophasphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, zinc compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

examples of anti-halitosis ingredients

A

essential oils, chlorine dioxide, triclosan/copolymer, stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

examples of desensitizers ingredients

A

potassium citrate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, stannous fluoride, strontium chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

________ is a defensive reaction to irritation (mechanical, bacterial) producing ______ of tissue

A

inflammation, degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pathogenic agent that injures tissues, resulting in inflammation

A

infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

infection is usually accompanied by _______, but _____ may occur without ______

A

infection, inflammation, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what type of tissue is most vunerable?

A

non-keratinized tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what areas are non-keratinized tissues that are most at risk?

A

sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium, col area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

events in inflammation process

A
  1. injury
  2. invasion
  3. BV contract
  4. BV dilate
  5. WBC/plasma enter, edema
  6. chemical stimulus to attract WBC
  7. phagocytosis
  8. pus formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how many steps in the inflammation response?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

why do BV initially contract?

A

increase blood flow so immune defenders come to site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

why do BV dilate after initial contraction?

A

leukocytes can move from center of BV to wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

leukocytes ingest foreign particles

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cells and plasma fluid that exits

A

exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the whole body responds to an irritant, true or false?

A

true

32
Q

body destroys irritant by

A

walling off irritant, neutralizing toxic products, removing necrotic debris

33
Q

tissue destruction occurs when _______ response is greater than _____ response

A

inflammatory, repair

34
Q

key phagocytic cells

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), macrophages

35
Q

possible end results of inflammatory response

A

resolution/gingival tissues back to health, continuation of disease (lead to chronic inflammation)

36
Q

cardinal signs of inflammation

A

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

37
Q

examples of vascular changes in the inflammatory response

A

decreased flow (d/t dilation), increased permeability, cells migrate toward walls of BV/adhere to walls/exit because of increased permeability

38
Q

examples of cellular changes in the inflammatory response

A

PMNs transmigrate through BV walls to engulf infectious material via phagocytosis and secrete cytokines

39
Q

cytokines are a mediator that recruits more _____, ______ permeability of BV wall, and causes tissue ______/___ ____.

A

PMNs, increases, destruction, bone loss

40
Q

chemical changes in the inflammatory response

A

direct the inflammatory response, regulatory in nature

41
Q

inflammation is a ____ by which the body tries to repair itself against infection

A

process

42
Q

inflammation of the gingiva with plaque present at the gingival margin

A

plaque-induced gingivitis

43
Q

incidence of plaque-induced gingivitis (men and women)

A

85% men, 79% women

44
Q

where does initial inflammation occur with gingivitis?

A

sulcular epithelium, col epithelium

45
Q

ulcerations of the epithelium

A

lesions

46
Q

causes of gingivitis

A

enzymes/endotoxins of bacteria, increase in quantity/maturation of plaque, increase in gram negative anaerobic m/o

47
Q

local risk factors for gingivitis

A

calculus, poor oral hygiene, food impactions, mal-positioned teeth, tooth contours, faulty dentistry

48
Q

systemic risk factors for gingivitis

A

immunosuppressed, drug action, hormonal changes, heredity

49
Q

degree of ______ = ____ of plaque + _____ makeup of plaque + ___ response

A

inflammation; volume, microbial, host

50
Q

gingivitis causes bone loss, true or false?

A

false

51
Q

localized gingivitis is ___% of teeth involved, or _/28 teeth

A

less than 30%, 8

52
Q

generalized gingivitis is ___% of teeth involved, or _/28 teeth

A

greater than 30%, 9

53
Q

severity descriptors with gingivitis

A

mild, moderate, advanced (acute/chronic)

54
Q

inflammation of the gingiva and attachment apparatus; a continuation of gingivitis

A

periodontitis

55
Q

clinical features of periodontitis

A

gingival inflammation, attachment/bone loss, periodontal pocket depth

56
Q

inflammation results

A

effect of by-product of endotoxins/enzymes, m/o invade ulcerated epithelium

57
Q

causative factors of periodontitis

A

bacteria and their by-products (endotoxins/enzymes)

58
Q

pocket depth formation occurs by BOTH free gingival margin moving ____ and epithelial attachment _____

A

coronally, apically

59
Q

distinguishing factors of infrabony pockets

A

epithelial attachment apical (beneath/under) to crest of bone, vertical bone loss

60
Q

distinguishing factors of suprabony pockets

A

epithelial attachment coronal (above) to bone, horizontal bone loss

61
Q

what are similarities between gingivitis and periodontitis?

A

involve inflammation of gingiva, caused by bacterial byproducts (enzymes and toxins)

62
Q

systemic risk factors for periodontitis

A

hormones, diabetes, smoking, nutrition, prescription drugs

63
Q

important protection cells

A

antibodies, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages

64
Q

Treatment of gingivitis

A

patient education, debridement/instrumentation, Tx of localized factors (overhanging restorations, caries, etc), plaque reduction

65
Q

Treatment of periodontitis

A

patient education, debridement/instrumentation (scaling and root planing [SRP]), Tx of localized factors, possible antibiotics (if severe)

66
Q

purpose of polishing agents is to remove deposit without…

A

removing tooth structure, abrading gingival tissue, producing excessive heat

67
Q

agent composed of particles hard enough to cut a softer material

A

abrasive

68
Q

wearing away of a surface by friction

A

abrasion

69
Q

production of smooth, glossy surface (use of finer particles)

A

polishing

70
Q

item that uses an abrasive agent in removing pellicle, plaque, stain (primarily stain)

A

polishing agent

71
Q

considerations in selecting a polishing agent

A

size (grit), shape, hardness, body strength

72
Q

substance (gel, paste, powder) used in conjunction with a toothbrush/interdental cleaner to facilitate bacterial plaque biofilm removal

A

dentrifice

73
Q

measures carried out so disease will not occur and is truly prevented

A

primary level of prevention

74
Q

treatment of early disease to prevent progression of potentially irreversible condition

A

secondary level of prevention

75
Q

complex and involved treatment of disease; prevent loss

A

tertiary level of prevention

76
Q

therapeutic procedure to treat patients with periodontitis

A

scaling and root planing

77
Q

levels of professional care

A

prophylaxis, debridement, scaling and root planing, maintenance therapy

Clinical Applications I (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions