Dental Caries, Caries Prevention

Question 1

dental caries: a _______ disease process of ____ tooth structures (enamel, dentin, cementum); a ______ infection

Answer 1

destructive, calcified, bacterial

Question 2

tooth type that is most at risk for caries (in order)

Answer 2

Mn 1st/2nd molars
Mx 1st/2nd molars
Mn 2nd premolars, Mx premolars and incisors
Mx canines, Mn 1st premolars
Mn incisors and canines

Question 3

what group of teeth are most at risk for caries?

Answer 3

Mn 1st/2nd molars

Question 4

what group of teeth are least at risk for caries?

Answer 4

Mn incisors and canines

Question 5

tooth surface that is most at risk for caries (in order)

Answer 5

occlusal, mesial, distal, facial, lingual

Question 6

sugar + bacteria (from ____) = ____ ;

_____ + _____ tooth = decay

Answer 6

plaque, acid, acid, healthy

Question 7

essential factors of caries

Answer 7

susceptible tooth, bacteria, diet (high carb/sugar), time

Question 8

modifying factors for caries

Answer 8

saliva, tooth characteristics, oral hygiene/self-care, foods eaten (type & frequency)

Question 9

favorable conditions for caries development: warm or cold environment?

Answer 9

warm

Question 10

favorable conditions for caries development: aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 10

can be both

Question 11

favorable conditions for caries development: dry or moist?

Answer 11

moist

Question 12

nutrients that contribute to favorable conditions for caries development

Answer 12

high sugar/high carb

Question 13

optimal pH for oral bacteria

Answer 13

6.0-7.8

Question 14

critical pH for cariogenic foods

Answer 14

5.0-5.5

Question 15

favorable conditions for caries development

Answer 15

warm, moist, nutrient-rich, high sugar/carb, both anaerobic and aerobic

Question 16

carbohydrates used by m/o

Answer 16

sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose

Question 17

which carbohydrate is preferred by streptococcus mutans?

Answer 17

sucrose

Question 18

term for when minerals are removed by acid attacks

Answer 18

demineralization/decalcification

Question 19

another word for demineralization

Answer 19

decalcification

Question 20

term for when minerals flow back into enamel and repair micro-concavities formed from demineralization

Answer 20

remineralization

Question 21

clinical appearance of an incipient lesion; what is this caused by?

Answer 21

rough, white; demineralization

Question 22

clinical appearance of an arrested lesion; what is this caused by?

Answer 22

smooth, white; remineralization

Question 23

classification categories for caries

Answer 23

by location, by occurence/reoccurence

Question 24

types of caries by location

Answer 24

pits/fissures (occlusal), proximal (mesial/distal), smooth surface (Fa/Li)

Question 25

how to see proximal incipient caries

Answer 25

look on radiographs

Question 26

how to see smooth surface incipient caries

Answer 26

look for decalcification

Question 27

types of caries by occurence/reoccurence

Answer 27

incipient, primary, recurrent/secondary caries, rampant caries

Question 28

what defines rampant caries?

Answer 28

10 or more caries in span of 1 year

Question 29

tips for identifying caries

Answer 29

chalky white, grey halo, yellow-brown (open caries), dullness/loss of translucency, dark shadows in transillumination

Question 30

benefits of fluoride in terms of mechanism of action

Answer 30

increased enamel resistance, remineralization of enamel, antibacterial

Question 31

how does fluoride work as an antibacterial?

Answer 31

bactericidal (kills in high concentrations), interferes with colonization, interferes with ability to produce acid

Question 32

how do sealants prevent caries?

Answer 32

fill pits/fissures to prevent build up of caries-causing bacteria

Question 33

fluoride that goes through body and affects teeth as they are developing

Answer 33

systemic fluoride

Question 34

fluoride that is placed topically on teeth, then spit out (not meant to be swallowed), protect erupted teeth

Answer 34

topical fluoride

Question 35

methods to deliver systemic fluoride

Answer 35

community water fluoridation, dietary supplements

Question 36

diet counseling in relation to caries prevention includes addressing...

Answer 36

nutritional value of food, frequency of ingestion, form of food, length of time in mouth

Question 37

two aspects of plaque control in relation to caries prevention

Answer 37

Negligible effect on actual caries reductions in research; positive effect on gingival health

Question 38

optimal level of water fluoridation

Answer 38

0.7-1.2 ppm

Question 39

benefits of water fluoridation

Answer 39

least expensive, most effective, 30-40% reduction of caries, safe, equitable

Question 40

benefits of dietary fluoride supplements

Answer 40

well-water tested, 30-40% reduction of cares

Question 41

examples of self-applied topical fluoride treatments; what is the concentration?

Answer 41

toothpastes, gels rinses; 1000-1200 ppm

Question 42

examples of professionally-applied topical fluoride treatments; what is the concentration?

Answer 42

tray; 12,000 ppm // fluoride varnish; as high as 22,600 ppm

Question 43

overall recommendation for fluoride treatments

Answer 43

1 systemic source + topicals

Question 44

ranking of methods to prevent caries

Answer 44

sealants > fluoride > nutrition > plaque control

Question 45

periods in which fluoride application is most beneficial

Answer 45

calcification (pre-eruptive), maturation (pre-eruptive), immediately post-eruptive, as needed based on risk assessment