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Clinical Applications I > Plaque, Materia Alba, Calculus > Flashcards

Plaque, Materia Alba, Calculus Flashcards

1
Q

clinical appearance of fresh plaque

A

transparent, stains pink

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2
Q

clinical appearance of mature plaque

A

fur-like, stains red

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3
Q

on individual teeth, plaque is heaviest on the ____ third of the tooth

A

cervical

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4
Q

true or false? plaque does not form on restoration and appliances

A

false, it does form on these surfaces

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5
Q

composition of plaque in terms of bacteria and extracellular matrix/slime layer

A 
1/3 = bacteria
2/3 = extracellular matrix/slime layer
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6
Q

extracellular polysaccharides, provides a food source for bacteria, adds bulk to extracellular matrix/slime layer

A

dextran

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7
Q

acquired pellicle: _____ film that covers the surfaces of teeth; consists of _____ _____

A

organic, salivary glycoproteins

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8
Q

plaque formation process

A
  1. acquired plaque pellicle forms
  2. initial attachment of bacterial
  3. initial colonization
  4. secondary colonization/multiplication
  5. matrix formation
  6. growth/maturation
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9
Q

plaque formation process mnemonic

A

Always Investigate Interesting Super Mario Games

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10
Q

how do bacteria attach during the initial attachment of bacteria in plaque formation?

A

via fimbriae

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11
Q

in the first 2 days of plaque formation, mostly gram ____ bacteria are present

A

positive

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12
Q

characteristics of gram positive bacteria

A

thick, single-celled wall; stain purple

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13
Q

characteristics of gram negative bacteria

A

double-celled wall, stain red

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14
Q

bacteria that can live with OR without oxygen

A

facultative anaerobic bacteria

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15
Q

purpose of acquired pellicle

A

protect enamel from acids

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16
Q

production of extracellular slime layer occurs in the _th stage of plaque formation which is _____________

A

4th; secondary colonization/multiplication

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17
Q

a colony of plaque blooms into a ____ shape during the ______________ stage of plaque formation

A

mushroom, growth and maturation

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18
Q 
supragingival plaque characteristics 
\_\_\_\_ m/o
source = \_\_\_\_
bacteria type = \_\_\_\_\_
attached to \_\_\_\_ surface
A

aerobic
saliva
streptococci
tooth

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19
Q 
subgingival plaque
\_\_\_\_\_ m/o
source = \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
bacteria type = \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_, motile forms
attached in \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ ways
A

anaerobic
gingival fluid
complex flora
adherent/nonadherent

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20
Q

adherent plaque is attached to the…

A

tooth

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21
Q

nonadherent plaque is attached to the…

A

sulcular epithelium

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22
Q

clinical appearance of materia alba

A

white, bulky, curd-like, loosely connected, heavy accumulation, visible without staining

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23
Q

most common locations of materia alba

A

along gumline, gingival margin of tooth, gingival tissue, restorations, forms over calculus/plaque

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24
Q

contributing factors to materia alba formation

A

malalignment, soft diet, poor oral hygiene

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25
Q

materia alba is a mushy accumulation of….

A

bacteria, desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, salivary proteins, food particles

26
Q

plaque has a ______ pattern/structure; materia alba has a _______ pattern structure

A

definite, nondefinite

27
Q

true or false? materia alba is a product of accumulation, not of bacterial growth

A

true

28
Q

ways to remove materia alba

A

rinsing (unlike plaque), brush/floss, professionally

29
Q

differences of plaque vs. materia alba (be sure to come up w specifics on your own)

A

removal/attachment, occurrence, composition, appearance

30
Q

similarities of plaque vs. materia alba (be sure to come up w specifics on your own)

A

distribution, pathologic potential

31
Q

Forceful wedging of food into the periodontium by occlusal/lateral forces

A

food impaction

32
Q

food impaction generally ends up _____ ____

A

between teeth

33
Q

food remaining on teeth and oral mucosa that has not been affected by the self cleansing nature of the oral cavity

A

food retention

34
Q

how to remove impacted food

A

mechanical removal

35
Q

how to remove retained food

A

rinsing or mechanical removal

36
Q

supragingival calculus is

irregular or regular?

A

irregular

37
Q

supragingival calculus is

typically what color?

A

yellow-ish white, chalky white when dried with air

38
Q

subgingival calculus is ____, ____ deposit. Feels like a ___ or ____ on tooth.

A

hard, tenacious, ledge, ring

39
Q

subgingival calculus is typically what color?

A

dark green-brown-black

40
Q

common areas for supragingival calculus

A

above gingival margin, Li of Mn anterior, Bu Mx molars, crowded teeth

41
Q

common areas for subgingival calculus

A

apical/below gingival margin, most often on root surfaces

42
Q

composition of calculus
___% inorganic
___% organic

A

70-90%, 10-30%

43
Q

types of attachment for calculus (3)

A

attachment via…

  • means of pellicle
  • irregularities in tooth surface
  • direct contact with calcified component
44
Q

attachment by means of pellicle: on _____ surfaces, removed ____ due to attachment is on surface of pellicle

A

enamel, easily

45
Q

attachment to irregularities in tooth surface: cracks, groove, tiny openings left where _____ _____ _____ detached, calculus removal can be ______

A

periodontal ligament fibers, difficult

46
Q

attachment by direct contact of the calcified component: calculus is interlocked with the ____ _____ of the tooth, ______ to remove due to firmly _____ in the tooth surface

A

inorganic crystals, difficult, interlocked

47
Q

can patients remove calculus on their own?

A

no, calculus must be professionally removed

48
Q

ways to decrease plaque/calculus build-up

A

flossing daily, Bass brushing, tartar control toothpaste, attending dental cleanings

49
Q

is calculus calcified pellicle or calcified plaque?

A

BOTH can happen

50
Q

rapid calculus formers can form calculus in as few as ___ days, due to a higher salivary concentration of _______ and _________

A

10, calcium, phosphate

51
Q

slow calculus formers can form calculus in about ___ days, due to a higher salivary concentration of __________

A

20, pyrophosphate

52
Q

effects of calculus on caries and gingival health

A

caries: none (no m/o present)

gingival health: cause irritation in gingiva, “toxin waste dump,” makes plaque control difficult

53
Q

true or false: calculus is a local contributing factor for periodontal disease

A

true

54
Q

ideal for calculus control

A

control plaque to control calculus

55
Q

source of calcium/phosphate for supragingival calculus

A

saliva

56
Q

source of calcium/phosphate for subgingival calculus

A

gingival/crevicular fluid

57
Q

is the inorganic content higher in supra- or subgingival calculus?

A

subgingival calculus

58
Q

true or false? calculus does not form on artificial teeth/appliances, only natural teeth

A

false, it can form on both

59
Q

comparison of plaque v. calculus: is m/o alive or dead?

A

plaque: alive m/o
calculus: dead m/o

60
Q

comparison of plaque v. calculus: mineralized or non-mineralized deposit?

A

plaque: non-mineralized
calculus: mineralized

61
Q

comparison of plaque v. calculus: removal

A

plaque: brushing/flossing, professionally
calculus: only professionally removed

62
Q

at what stage does the extracellular slime layer get created in plaque formation?

A

secondary colonization/multiplication stage

Clinical Applications I (11 decks)

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