Policy Making Flashcards
What about policy making is important for nurses to know? And why?
Competence of policy
Implementation
Modification
So that they can help influence the policies that are made.
- so a nurse needs to know the process of policy making to make an impact
What 3 things do we as the public choose to put our time in to further health care?
Regulations/rules
Legislations
Funding
Four major stages of health policy listed
Formulation
Adoption
Implementation
Evaluation
Formulation stage
Formulate goals by establishing the problems and providing potential solutions
- know the pros and cons
Adoption stage
Adopting a selection and making specifications to achieve goals
Implementation stage
Implementing your policy
Evaluation stage
Evaluating the policy effectiveness by comparing the outcomes to the desired effects
What does “Policy” mean?
Plan of action or agent outlining steps to implement a goal
Public policy
Issued at a national or state level of government
- have to deal with politics
- need stakeholders
- right timing and funding
- resources
- overlap & priorities
Health policy
Policy for providing health services at local, state, national, or even international level
Substantive Policy
Action or activity like funding for Indian health service activities
Distributive Health Policy
Promotes nongovernment activities for society to benefit
- giving subsidies so more people would go to school become nurses for the good of everyone
Redistributive Health Policy
Takes resources from one group and redistributes them to others
- medicare
Procedural Policy
How something is done like how we go about voting.
Regulatory healthPolicy
Puts limitations and regulations on certain activities
- age limit for purchasing alcohol
Many policies that impact health care happen at this level of policy
Local level of policy
- tobacco use, farmers market, exercise, masks
- guns and speeding limits
There is a limit to municipal powers at this level but some policies are still developed here
State level.
- Act as public health guardians
- healthcare purchasers
- healthcare educators
- healthcare lab services
Medicare, Medicaid, and health research fall into this level of policy
National level of policy
- can impact population
- very political too
-
Health policy issues?
- Problem you want to fix
- Solution or your idea
- Interested parties that can help you
- Power and influence bc you still might need more help
Rational framework behind making a policy
Find the problem. Come up with the solution. Get involved with the politics. Implement it. Then evaluate it
What did Kindgon’s framework address?
What was needed for policy to happen according to him?
Why some policies were focused on while others were not .
- A window of opportunity was needed and it did not stay open forever
- And then you needed a policy problem, a viable policy to fix it (solution), and politics to help you.
Kingdon’s problem word
His word for attention getting events
indicators
focusing events
- Both could help you find a problem
Grassroot efforts
Political movement driven by community members
Lobbying
influencing policy makers to do your bidding
Special Interest groups
Group of people who share a common interest and want to politically achieve their goals
- BLM
Professional Organizations can make policy how?
Members of a profession who can be considered a special interest group to influence policy
- nurses
What is the nursing process like with the community
Nurses must be deliberate but also able to adapt. And they need to remember to stay client focused.
When out w community they need to interact & form partnerships
Community needs assessments
Process of determining real or perceived needs of a defined community
Empowerment
Explaining how communities can come together to express their values and ideas to those outside the community
Policy analysis
Understanding a policy from a variety of perspectives
Who are lobbyists
Professionals who know rules of state and federal govt and political process
- they have connections w the policy makers
Polarization
When 2 groups are split into two over a political issues
Types of community assessments
Windshield
Problem oriented
Community subsystem
Comprehensive assessment
Community assets assessment
Windshield survery
Driving around and recording observations
Familiarization assessment
Study date already available to become familiar, then gather gather your own first hand data
Problem orientated assessment
Starts from 1 problem
Comprehensive assessment
Discovers all relevant community health problems and info
Community assets assessment
Focused on the strengths
- asset mapping
Coalition
alliance of group that work to influence outcomes of a problem
community subsystem assessment
community health nurses focuses on a single dimension of community life
How should the community dx be portayed
community focused
How should the community response and related factors be included in dx?
Ones with a potential for change w a community health nurse
- so it needs to make sense
What type of statements are needed
Narrow to guide interventions
Should you use a risk, goal, need or community response statement in dx
community response
What do the deficit and wellness diagnoses include
Maintenance or potential change responses
Formative evaluation
Focus on process during actual interventions
- standards of performance should be develoepd
Summative evaluation
Focus on outcomes of the interventions
- the effect and its impact
