Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is a communicable disease
Illness due to infectious agent that can go from host to host
T/F
Communicable diseases have been a danger to mankind from beginning of time
true
How many died from smallpox?
300 million
- small pox scar
How many died from the black death
half of europe
What movie had cholera in it
Secret garden
How we now control Communicable Diseases
Sanitation - wasn’t always obvious
Medicine - vaccine and antibiotics
Improved nutrition - helps w line of defense against
disease. fruits and veggies were not normal back then
Education - on how to stay healthy and treat illness
Are all communicable diseases under control?
No - we have perceived control
Diseases that re-emerge
Ebola, Zika, Corona
Can bioterrorism be a threat to mankind
yes
How do antibiotics play a role in the re-emerging diseases
Well with antibiotics helping us, they also allow for resistance
- like gonorrhea
How we continue to control CD’s
Surveillance Reporting Isolation/quarantine Drugs Education
Who isolates and who quarantines
Isolate diseased person
Quarantine everyone else
Do all diseases get reported immediately?
No but small pox definitely does
How do we mainly control diseases
immunizations
Live vaccine
varicella
why is hpv vaccine controversial
bc some think it will make kids be more sexually active
Immunizations sites
IM or SQ
How often to check fridge for immunizations
How long do they need to be refrigerated
temp of freezer
twice a day
35-46 hrs
below 5
Norovirus
Transmission
Control
Noravirus
Oral-fecal route, person to person contact, and food/water… only 18 particles needed to infect
Hygiene & food safety prep
Norovirus symptoms
n/v
watery diarrhea
abdominal cramps
low grade fever
Norovirus treatment
Fluid replacement due to water loss
How does Norovirus survive?
Breeding place for Norovirus?
On hard surfaces.
Can stay there for 4 weeks.
Can withstand 140 F temp
Cruise ships
Salmonella
transmission
Incubation
Salmonella
Uncooked foods like eggs, poultry, and fish
Incubation of 6 hrs to 6 days
Salmonella symptoms
Diarrhea
stomach cramps
Achy joints
Salmonella treatment & control
Extra fluids for water loss as well
Food safety & no kissing animals lol
Shigella host
Primates - human or nonhuman
Shigella
transmission
incubation
Shigella
sex, fecal, oral
1-2 days
Shigella symptoms
Diarrhea
Cramps
fever
Shigella control
Hygiene and hand washing
E.coli is a __
toxin that is on contaminated food
E. coli
incubation
E. coli
3-8 days
E. coli symptoms
Blood in stool
abdominal cramps
fever
vomiting
How to destroy E. coli
Cook food correctly. 44F-122F
Wash hands
- common in ground beef from cows
Lice
parasite pediculus human capitis
preschoolers and school aged kids get it
direct or object contact
9-12 days to mature and then can live for 30 days w blood. without blood, die 1-2 days.
intense itching. no sleep from it
tx- pediculosides or olive oil
- dont use bug spray , chemical burns
control - clean everything in hot water and don’t lay around someone who has it
Hep A
vs
Hep B &C
Hep a more food or fecal oral
Hep B & C is more from bodily fluids and blood
symptoms: fatigue, poor appetite, stomach pain, jaundice
std
personal behaviors
gonorrhea in women no symptoms
even well groomed people can have it
Chlamydia trachomatis
Higher reporter rates
vaginal, oral, anal
tx isn’t prevention
17-21 days
painful urination, vaginal discharge, penile discharge, bleeding in between periods or after sex. testicular pain
Gonorrhea
Bacterium
15-24 years old age range often
if a a child has it, it is sex abuse
2-7 days so you know who gave it to you
purulent discharge, dysuria, urethritis and men can tell right away. may think its a uti
antibiotic tx
