Policy Implementation Flashcards

1
Q

Policy Implementation is…by(3)

A

putting policies into practice by
1. training actors
2. changing preexisting systems
3. monitoring & enforcing

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2
Q

To implement policies each perspective focuses on (4)

A
  1. Models of bureaucracy
  2. Characterisation of implementation
  3. Models of implementation
  4. Monitoring & Enforcement
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3
Q

Rational Perspective
Bureaucracy

A

Mechanical (Weber)
· formalisation: based on rules & regulations and civil servants fulfilling their tasks
· standardisation: similar cases are addressed with the same schemes to promote equality
· centralisation: hierarchical system, everything is centralised and steered.

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4
Q

Rational Perspective
Characterisation of Implementation

A

Top-down approach
· politics (goals & decisions) vs administration (carrying on tasks)
· perfect administration: civil servants knowing what to do because they have the resources and ability to do so

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5
Q

Rational Perspective
Model of Implementation

A

Administrative
high certainty on knowledge and consensus on government intervention, goals & means
·however successful policy implementation depends on resource availability

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6
Q

Rational Perspective
Monitoring & Enforcement

A

Single Loop Learning
only the top has the information to change the policy, policy redesign is unlikely to happen
· command & control

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7
Q

Political Perspective
Bureaucracy (2)

A

Street Level (Lipski): civil servants are in the frontline, implement policies directly however these can be modified depending on the circumstances (fairness & equality) -> policy discretion

Organic: actors’ ability (& professionalisation) to adapt to circumstances because there are shared responsibilities and mutual dependencies for policy to be successfully implemented

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8
Q

Political Perspective
Characterisation of implementation

A

Bottom up
citizens having a prominent role when implementing policies allowing for policy redesign

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9
Q

Political Perspective
Models of implementation

A

Political
· high certainty of intervention but low consensus on goals
· success depends on negotiation & political power based on advocacy coalitions & pooling resources

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10
Q

Political Perspective
Monitoring & Enforcement (2)

A

Polycentric because there are many actors involved, this allows for focused monitoring & effective implementation & redesign

Naming & Shaming: implement policies when organisations’ promises are not fulfilled

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11
Q

Cultural Perspective
Bureaucracy

A

Symbolic
collaborate among actors to agree on how and what to implement to prevent symbolic implementation
· government loses its capacities & influences

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12
Q

Cultural Perspective
Characterisation & Model of Implementation

A

Symbolic
seldom policies are effectively implemented and what is expected from the policy is difficult to achieve
· policy redesign

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13
Q

Cultural Perspective
Monitoring & Enforcement

A

Double Loop Learning
focuses on providing and receiving feedback for policy redesign focused on
· learning
· target groups
· enhancing dialogue

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14
Q

Institutional Perspective
Bureaucracy

A

System Level
· change in path dependencies leading to institutional redesign
· ICT has greater prominence
· increase in autonomy and interdependency

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15
Q

Institutional Perspective
Characterisation of Implementation

A

Institutional
path dependencies influence how policies are implemented, thus, being more reluctant to change

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16
Q

Institutional Perspective
Models of Implementation

A

Pigeon Holing
is based on implementing efficient solutions on standardised schemes by categorising these

18
Q

Institutional Perspective
Monitoring & Enforcement (2)

A

Polycentric: many actors involved

Institutionalised checks & balances for greater certification & reliability of policy implementation