Police Photography Flashcards
1
Q
coined the word photography when he first wrote a letter to henry fox talbot
A
Sir john F. W. herschel
2
Q
the application of the principles of photography is relation to the police work and in the administration of justice
A
police photography
3
Q
the mechanical and chemical result of photography.
A
photography
4
Q
refers to all kinds of formed image
A
picture
5
Q
an image that can only be a product of photography
A
photograph
6
Q
Uses of photoraphy
A
personal identification for communication for record purposes for preservation for discovering and proving for court exhibits crime prevention police training reproducing and copying
7
Q
personal identification
A
considered to be the first application of photography in police work
8
Q
the first police who utilized photography in police work as a supplementary identification in his anthropometry system
A
Alphonse Bertillion
9
Q
considered to be the utmost used of photography in police work
A
record purposes
10
Q
different views in photographing
A
general view
medium view
close up view
extreme close up view
11
Q
taking an over-all view of the scene of the crime. it shows direction and location of the crime scene
A
general view
12
Q
the taking of the photograph of the scene of the crime by dividing it into section. this view will best view the nature of the crime
A
medium view
13
Q
the talking of individual photograph of the evidence at the scene of the crime. it is design to show the details of the crime
A
close-up view
14
Q
commonly designed in laboratory photographing using some magnification such as photomacrography and photomicrography
A
extreme close-up view
15
Q
taking a magnified (enlarged) photograph of small object through attaching a camera to the ocular of a compound microscope so as to show a minute details of the physical evidence
A
photomicrography
16
Q
taking a magnified (enlarged) photograph of small object by attaching an extended tube lens (macro lens) to the camera
A
photomacrography
17
Q
the pricess of reducing into a small strips of film a scenario. it is first used in filmaking
A
microphotography
18
Q
used synonymously with phoyomacrography
A
macrophotography
19
Q
the process of taking photograph of a far object with the aid of a long focus and telephoto lens
A
telephotography
20
Q
evidence presented in court once accepted became known as ________
A
Exhibit
Exhibit 1, 2, 3 etc for the defense
Exhibit A, B, C etc for the prosecution
21
Q
Essesentials of photgraphy
A
light camera lens sensitized material chemical process
22
Q
an electromagnetic energy that travels in a form of wave
A
light
23
Q
speed of light
A
186,000 miles per second
24
Q
a light tight box designed to block unwanted or unnecessary light from reaching the sensitized material
A
camera
25
the light gathering mechanism of the camera from the object to form the image
lens
26
composed of a highly sensitized chemical compound which is capable of being transformd into and image through the action of light and with some chemical processes. (film and photo paper)
sensitized material
27
The process necessary for reducing silver halides into form so as a latent image and a positive image be made resulting to what we called photograph
Chemical process
28
Theories of light
The wave theory (hyugens)
Corpuscular theory (newton)
Modified wave theory (maxwell and hertz)
29
The theory that transcribed from the motion of the water that if we observe a piece of log floating in the ocean and with the force of the air would naturally will make the log move up and down
The wave theory (hyugen)
30
This later opposed the wave theory stating that light has its effect by the motion of very small particles such as electrons
Corpuscular theory (newton)
31
Based on electromagnetics. All the theories are still considered to be of little lacking that law enforcement need not to be very focus on this but rather go along with the accepted conclusion that light is form of energy, which is electromagnetic in force
Modified wave thoery (maxwell and hertz)
32
The distance measured between two (2) succesive crest or through of wave and it is expressed in either millimicron (nanometer) or angstrom
Light wavelength
33
It is the units of light wavelength which is equivalent to one-millionth part of a millimeter
Millimicron
34
It has an equivalent measurement of ten (10) millionth part of a millimeter
Angstrom
35
Once light hits a certain medium its action can be characterized as ___________, ____________ and ___________
Reflected, transmitted and absorbed (RAT)
36
Once the light hits a mirror and it bounce back
Reflected
37
When the light hits a transparent glass which would allow the light to pass through its medium
Transmitted
38
When the light hits a dark color object and prevents it from either bouncing or passing through
Absorbed
39
He proved that the light which man see as white light is actually a mixture of all colors of the spectrum this is produced when we allow light to hit a glass prism (sharp edge of the glass) a rainbow array will then be shown with colors (from top to bottom)
Isaac newton
40
The visible light is also said of a wavelength of a wavelength of between ______________________
400 - 700 millimicron or nanometer
41
Types of light
Visible light - is the type of light that produces different sensation when reach the human eye. It is the type of light, which is capable of exciting the retina of the human eye
Invisible light - lights in whicn their wavelength are either too short or too long to excite the retina of the human eye i.e. x-ray, infra-red, ultra-violet lights
42
Photographic rays
X-ray
Ultra-violet ray (before the violet)
Visible light
Infra-red (beyong the red)
43
Light with the wavelength between 0.1 to 30 millimicrons. It is produced by passing an electric current through a special type of vacuum tube.
This type of light works in the principles of shadow photography
X-ray
44
Who incidentally discovered x-ray
Conrad welhelm roentgen
45
Radiation having the wavelength of 30 to 400 nanometers designed to photograph fingerprints in multi-colored background, documents that are altered, decipherment of erased writing and developing invisible writing. It is commercially known as “black light”
Ultra-violet ray
46
It refers to type of radiation having a wavelength of 400 to 700 millimicrons designed for ordinary photographing purposes
Visible light
47
Considered as the photographic ray with the longest wavelength ranging from 700 to 1000 millimicrons. It is designed to take photograph of over written documents, obliterated and charred documents or for black out photography.
Infra-red
48
It is sometimes referred to as “heat rays”
Infra-red
49
Light sources
Natural light
| Artificial light
50
Are those light which come to existence without the intervention of a man e.i. Sunlight, moonlight and starlight
Natural light
51
Object in an open space casts a deep and uniform shadow and the object appears glossy
Bright sunlight
52
Object in an open space casts a transparent or bluish shadow. This is due to thin clouds that covers the sun
Hazy sunlight
53
Object in an open space casts mo shadow due to thick clouds covering the sun
Dull sunlight
54
Otherwise known as man-made light
Artificial light
55
Continuous radiation
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Photoflood lamp
Fluorescent lamp
Incandescent bulb
Ultra-violet lamp
Infra-red lamp
```
57
Otherwise known as reflectorized light or spot light. It is a light with a reflector at the back which focus the light to the object the common wattages of this lamp is 500 watts
Photoflood lamp
58
Are tube lamps in which the walls are coated with fluorescent powders with both ends is mounted with a holder that serves as the reflector. This is commonly used by everybody more than it is used in photographing
Fluorescent lamp
59
Short duration type
Flash bulb
| Electronic flash
60
Chemical lamps, as it generates lgight by the rapid combination of the metal in oxygen. The bulb can be used only once as the bulb is busted when fired electrically. There are thin flaments inside the bulb with two electrical contacts. When the current flows through the filaments it becomes incandescent and ignites the explosive primer that ignites the aluminum foil that burns, givng flash of tense light
Flash bulb
61
Bulb with a wire flament connecting two wires which contains the electrical charge that produces the light. Everybody likewise commonly uses this although it is more expensive in terms of electrical consumption
Incandescent bulb
62
Produces by an instantaneous electrical in charges between two electrodes in a gas filled glass bulb. The electrical energy for the dicharge is kept in capacitor or condenser it usually ranges from 1/300 second and 1/500
Electronic flash
63
it refers to the filma nd photographic paper that basically composed of emulsion containing silver halides suspended in gelatin and coated on a transparent or reflective support
sensitized material
64
parts of the sensitized material
emulsion - part of the film or photographic paper which contains the silver grains which is the one sensitive to light. in a colored film this emulsion surface can be composed of three layers (blue, green and red) with filters intervening
anti hilation backing - designed to hold back the light and prevent hilation
base - supports the emulsion
65
usually represented by a prefix or a suffix "pan" or "ortho" and generally used in black and white photography. examples are ortholith film, tri x-pan and pan x-plus
black and white film
66
divided into two: the negative and the reversal type of colored film. the former is usually having names ending in color while the word chrome represents the latter. e.g. blue sensitive film, orhtochromatic film and panchromatic film.
colored film
67
the responsiveness of the film emulsion to the different wavelength of the light source
spectral sensivity
68
sensitive to U.V. light and blue color
blue - sensitive film
69
sensitive to U.V. light up to the green
orhtochromatic film
| popular in the maker as kodalith film
70
sensitive to U.V. light up to red
| sensitive to all colors of the visible light
panchromatic film
71
permit short exposures under average lighting condition and has the advantages of the frain structure
process panchromatic film
72
designed originally for photographing object under adverse lighting condition
high speed panchromatic film
73
sensitive to all colors and to infra-red light
infra-red film
74
this refers to the degree of sensitivity of the film to light
film speed (emulsion speed)
75
this is expressed in arithmetic value system, the bigger the number the more sensitive the film is. ASA 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000.
ASA (american standards association)
76
expressed in logarithmic value system. used in the same principle as the ASA
DIN 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 etc
DIN (deutche industre normen)
77
expressed as combination of ASA and DIN rating
ISO (international standard organization)
78
it is that sensitized material that willl record the visible image in the final development and become the photograph
photographic paper
79
types of photographic papers according to emulsion used (silver halied content)
silver chloride paper
silver bromide paper
silver chlorobromide paper
variable contract paper
80
types of photographic papers according to physical characteristics
WEIGHT
- light weight
- single weight
- double weight
SURFACE TEXTURE
- glossy paper
- semi-mate paper
- rough paper
COLOR
- white
- cream
- buff paper
81
types of photographic papers according to contrast (grade)
velox no. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
82
used for contact orinting, the size of the positive print is the same as the size of the negative used. sensitivity to light is low and give blue-black tones when properly developed
silver chloride paper
83
used projection, printing and enlarging process. this is one of the most ideal photo paper used for police photography. will give a black tone when properly developed
silver bromide paper
84
used both for projection and contact printing. slow emulsion
silver chlorobromide paper
85
combines the contrast range in one aper it sues a special chlorobromide emulsion that produces carying contrast responses upon exposure to different colors of light
variable contract paper
86
designed for high flexibility and when paper thickness is not of considiration. intended for purposes, which involves folding
light weight
87
papers used for small prints or which are need to be mounted on solid and fine details necessary in the production. used in ordinary photographic purposes
single weight
88
generically used for large prints because they stand up under rough treatment
double weight
89
designed for fine details and brilliant image formation
glossy paper
90
obscure the fine details
semi-mate paper
91
used for large prints or where breath rather than detail is necessary
rough papers
92
better used in police photography
white papers
93
preferred for pictorial effect, portraits, landscape or when warmth effect is desired
cream papers
94
prepare fo tone prints
buff papers
95
used for printing extremely contrast negative or extremely exposed film
velox no. 0
96
used for high contrast negative (over exposed film)
velox no. 1
97
used for normal exposed film
velox no. 2
98
used for negative with weak contrast (under exposed)
velox no. 3
99
used to provide sufficient contrast to compensate for very thin or weak negatives. it is useful imprinting which high contrast is desired
velox no. 4
100
is a light tight box with light gathering device and a means of blocking unwanted or unecessary light from reaching the sensitized material. basically camera can produce image with its four (4) basic parts such as light tight box, lens, and shutter, holder of sensitized material
camera
101
for flat negative that are unprintable
velox no.5
102
essential parts of the camera
```
light tight box
lens
shutter
holder of the sensitized material
view finder
```
103
part of the camera designed to keep light out ad serve as a frame to hold other parts
light tight box
104
part of the camera designed to collect oor to focus the reflected light from an object to form an image on the film
lens
105
part of the camera designed to control the time during which the light reaches the film
shutter
106
part of the camera located at the opposite side of the lens designed to hold firmly the sensitized material to prevent formation of the multiple or blurred image
holder of the sensitized material
107
part of the camera designed to determine the filed of view of the camera or the extent of the coverage of the given lens
view finder
108
other parts of the camera
```
viewing system
film advancer
shutter speed
lens aperture
focusing
```
109
part of the camera which provides the means of showing to the photographer the entire scene coverage that can be recorded in the sensitized materal
viewing system
110
part of the camera designed to transfer the exposed fim to the other side or to take up spool and the unexposed film will be the opposite side of the lens for another exposure
film advancer (film advance lever or knob)
111
part of the camera which regulates the time exposure of the film thus, affecting the amount of light reaching the sensitized material. it is usually expressed in a fraction of a second
1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, etc
shutter speed
112
ratio between the diameter of the whole lens in relation to the focal length of the lens. it is the light gathering power of the lens. otherwise known as lens opening or relative aperture and it is expressed in f-number
f-2.8, f-4, f-5.6, f-8, f-11, f-6
lens aperture
113
the lower the f-number ___________________
the bigger the lens opening and the bigger the lens opening the greater volume of air that will passed through the lens and reach the sensitized material
114
if the objective of a photographer is obtain the widest possile coverage of the lens in which objects are all sharp
it is advisable to use a smaller lens opening
115
is that mechanism of a camera designed to control the degree of sharpness ofthe object to be photograph. it is usually obtained bty estimating the distance from the camera and that of the object that will make a sharp or clear image
focusing
116
types of focusing device
range finder (either coincidence or split image type)
ground glass
scale bed
117
coincidence otherwise known as superimposed image focusing. in this type of focusing a single object will apperaed double once the object is not in focus, but moving the focusing adjustment this double image will coincidence or suerimposed to form a single object
range finder (coincidence)
118
it shows an image in split or two parts once the object in not in focus once the two parts of the image has been united then the object is alreadt focused
range finder (split image type)
119
this is observed from the viewing system of the camera, once the object is not in focused the object will be viewed to be blurred and will turn sharp and clear once adjusted
ground glass
120
estimating the distance of the object and adjusting the camera control based on his estimation do this
scale bed
121
types of camera
view finder type
single lens reflex camera
twin lens reflex camera
view or press type
122
it is considered as the smallest and the simplest type of camera
view finder type
123
type of camera best suited for police work due to its interchangeability of the lens
single lens reflex camera
124
a type of camera with dual lens, one for focusing and the other for forming the image
twin lens reflex camera
125
is considered the biggest and expensive type of camera, used for movie making
view or press type
126
it is the image-forming device of the lens that actually has a greater effect on the quality of the image to be formed
lens
127
a medium or system which converge or diverge light rays passing through it to form an image
lens
128
maybe made up of a glass or transparent material, which permit light to pass through and change the direction of light
lens
129
first to inroduce the use of lens in the camera
daniel barbaro
130
classification of lenses according to the type of image to be produced
positive or convex lens
| negative or concave lens
131
classification of lenses according to the degree of corrections
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meniscule lens
rapid rectilinear lens
anastigmat lens
achromatic lens
apochromatic lens
```
132
characterized by the fact that it is thicker at the center and thinner at the side which is capable of bending the light together and forms the image inversely
positive or convex lens (converging lens)
133
characterized by the fact that it is thinner at the center and thicker at the side and forms the virtual image on the same side of the lens
negative or concave lens (diverging lens)
134
lens that has no correction
meniscule lens
135
lens corrected of distortion
rapid rectilinear lens
136
correcting astigmatism
anastigmat lens
137
correcting chromatic aberration
achromatic lens
138
correcting both astigmatism and chromatic aberration
apochromatic lens
139
inherent lens defects
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spherical aberration
coma
curvature of field
distortion
chromatic aberration
astigmatism
chromatic difference of magnification
flares
```
140
inability of the lens to focus light passing the side of the lens producing an image that is sharp in the center and blurred at the side
spherical aberration
141
inability of the lens to focus light that travels straight or lateral, thus making it blurred while he light reaching the lens oblique is the one that is transmitted sharp
coma (also known as lateral aberration)
142
the realtion of the image of th different point are incorrect with respect to one another
curvature of field
143
defect in shape not in sharpness it can either be pincushion distortion or barrel
distortion
144
pincushion distortion
curving inward
145
barrel distortion
curving outward
146
inability of the lens to focus light of varying wavelength. the lens refracts rays of short wavelength more strongly than those of longer wavelength and therefore bringing blue rays to a shorter focus that the red
chromatic aberration
147
a form of lens defects in which the horizontal and vertical axis are not equally magnified.
astigmatism
148
condition of the lens producing multiple images
flares
149
iinablity of the lens to focus both horizontal and vertical lines
astigmatism
150
the process of eliminating unwanted portion of the negative during enlarging
dodging
151
is the process of omitting an object during the process of enlarging and printing
cropping
152
is the gradual fading of the image towards the side through skillful adjustment on the doging board
vignetting
153
the process designed in changing the color tone of the photograph
dye toning
154
refers to additional exposure on a desired portion of the negative used for purposes of making balance exposure
burning in
