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Criminalistics > Police Photography > Flashcards

Police Photography Flashcards

1
Q

coined the word photography when he first wrote a letter to henry fox talbot

A

Sir john F. W. herschel

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2
Q

the application of the principles of photography is relation to the police work and in the administration of justice

A

police photography

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3
Q

the mechanical and chemical result of photography.

A

photography

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4
Q

refers to all kinds of formed image

A

picture

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5
Q

an image that can only be a product of photography

A

photograph

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6
Q

Uses of photoraphy

A 
personal identification
for communication
for record purposes
for preservation
for discovering and proving
for court exhibits
crime prevention
police training
reproducing and copying
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7
Q

personal identification

A

considered to be the first application of photography in police work

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8
Q

the first police who utilized photography in police work as a supplementary identification in his anthropometry system

A

Alphonse Bertillion

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9
Q

considered to be the utmost used of photography in police work

A

record purposes

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10
Q

different views in photographing

A

general view
medium view
close up view
extreme close up view

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11
Q

taking an over-all view of the scene of the crime. it shows direction and location of the crime scene

A

general view

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12
Q

the taking of the photograph of the scene of the crime by dividing it into section. this view will best view the nature of the crime

A

medium view

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13
Q

the talking of individual photograph of the evidence at the scene of the crime. it is design to show the details of the crime

A

close-up view

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14
Q

commonly designed in laboratory photographing using some magnification such as photomacrography and photomicrography

A

extreme close-up view

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15
Q

taking a magnified (enlarged) photograph of small object through attaching a camera to the ocular of a compound microscope so as to show a minute details of the physical evidence

A

photomicrography

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16
Q

taking a magnified (enlarged) photograph of small object by attaching an extended tube lens (macro lens) to the camera

A

photomacrography

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17
Q

the pricess of reducing into a small strips of film a scenario. it is first used in filmaking

A

microphotography

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18
Q

used synonymously with phoyomacrography

A

macrophotography

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19
Q

the process of taking photograph of a far object with the aid of a long focus and telephoto lens

A

telephotography

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20
Q

evidence presented in court once accepted became known as ________

A

Exhibit
Exhibit 1, 2, 3 etc for the defense
Exhibit A, B, C etc for the prosecution

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21
Q

Essesentials of photgraphy

A 
light
camera
lens
sensitized material
chemical process
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22
Q

an electromagnetic energy that travels in a form of wave

A

light

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23
Q

speed of light

A

186,000 miles per second

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24
Q

a light tight box designed to block unwanted or unnecessary light from reaching the sensitized material

A

camera

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25
Q

the light gathering mechanism of the camera from the object to form the image

A

lens

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26
Q

composed of a highly sensitized chemical compound which is capable of being transformd into and image through the action of light and with some chemical processes. (film and photo paper)

A

sensitized material

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27
Q

The process necessary for reducing silver halides into form so as a latent image and a positive image be made resulting to what we called photograph

A

Chemical process

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28
Q

Theories of light

A

The wave theory (hyugens)

Corpuscular theory (newton)

Modified wave theory (maxwell and hertz)

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29
Q

The theory that transcribed from the motion of the water that if we observe a piece of log floating in the ocean and with the force of the air would naturally will make the log move up and down

A

The wave theory (hyugen)

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30
Q

This later opposed the wave theory stating that light has its effect by the motion of very small particles such as electrons

A

Corpuscular theory (newton)

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31
Q

Based on electromagnetics. All the theories are still considered to be of little lacking that law enforcement need not to be very focus on this but rather go along with the accepted conclusion that light is form of energy, which is electromagnetic in force

A

Modified wave thoery (maxwell and hertz)

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32
Q

The distance measured between two (2) succesive crest or through of wave and it is expressed in either millimicron (nanometer) or angstrom

A

Light wavelength

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33
Q

It is the units of light wavelength which is equivalent to one-millionth part of a millimeter

A

Millimicron

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34
Q

It has an equivalent measurement of ten (10) millionth part of a millimeter

A

Angstrom

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35
Q

Once light hits a certain medium its action can be characterized as ___________, ____________ and ___________

A

Reflected, transmitted and absorbed (RAT)

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36
Q

Once the light hits a mirror and it bounce back

A

Reflected

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37
Q

When the light hits a transparent glass which would allow the light to pass through its medium

A

Transmitted

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38
Q

When the light hits a dark color object and prevents it from either bouncing or passing through

A

Absorbed

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39
Q

He proved that the light which man see as white light is actually a mixture of all colors of the spectrum this is produced when we allow light to hit a glass prism (sharp edge of the glass) a rainbow array will then be shown with colors (from top to bottom)

A

Isaac newton

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40
Q

The visible light is also said of a wavelength of a wavelength of between ______________________

A

400 - 700 millimicron or nanometer

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41
Q

Types of light

A

Visible light - is the type of light that produces different sensation when reach the human eye. It is the type of light, which is capable of exciting the retina of the human eye

Invisible light - lights in whicn their wavelength are either too short or too long to excite the retina of the human eye i.e. x-ray, infra-red, ultra-violet lights

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42
Q

Photographic rays

A

X-ray
Ultra-violet ray (before the violet)
Visible light
Infra-red (beyong the red)

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43
Q

Light with the wavelength between 0.1 to 30 millimicrons. It is produced by passing an electric current through a special type of vacuum tube.
This type of light works in the principles of shadow photography

A

X-ray

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44
Q

Who incidentally discovered x-ray

A

Conrad welhelm roentgen

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45
Q

Radiation having the wavelength of 30 to 400 nanometers designed to photograph fingerprints in multi-colored background, documents that are altered, decipherment of erased writing and developing invisible writing. It is commercially known as “black light”

A

Ultra-violet ray

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46
Q

It refers to type of radiation having a wavelength of 400 to 700 millimicrons designed for ordinary photographing purposes

A

Visible light

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47
Q

Considered as the photographic ray with the longest wavelength ranging from 700 to 1000 millimicrons. It is designed to take photograph of over written documents, obliterated and charred documents or for black out photography.

A

Infra-red

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48
Q

It is sometimes referred to as “heat rays”

A

Infra-red

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49
Q

Light sources

A

Natural light

Artificial light

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50
Q

Are those light which come to existence without the intervention of a man e.i. Sunlight, moonlight and starlight

A

Natural light

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51
Q

Object in an open space casts a deep and uniform shadow and the object appears glossy

A

Bright sunlight

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52
Q

Object in an open space casts a transparent or bluish shadow. This is due to thin clouds that covers the sun

A

Hazy sunlight

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53
Q

Object in an open space casts mo shadow due to thick clouds covering the sun

A

Dull sunlight

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54
Q

Otherwise known as man-made light

A

Artificial light

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55
Q

Continuous radiation

A 
Photoflood lamp
Fluorescent lamp
Incandescent bulb 
Ultra-violet lamp
Infra-red lamp
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57
Q

Otherwise known as reflectorized light or spot light. It is a light with a reflector at the back which focus the light to the object the common wattages of this lamp is 500 watts

A

Photoflood lamp

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58
Q

Are tube lamps in which the walls are coated with fluorescent powders with both ends is mounted with a holder that serves as the reflector. This is commonly used by everybody more than it is used in photographing

A

Fluorescent lamp

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59
Q

Short duration type

A

Flash bulb

Electronic flash

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60
Q

Chemical lamps, as it generates lgight by the rapid combination of the metal in oxygen. The bulb can be used only once as the bulb is busted when fired electrically. There are thin flaments inside the bulb with two electrical contacts. When the current flows through the filaments it becomes incandescent and ignites the explosive primer that ignites the aluminum foil that burns, givng flash of tense light

A

Flash bulb

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61
Q

Bulb with a wire flament connecting two wires which contains the electrical charge that produces the light. Everybody likewise commonly uses this although it is more expensive in terms of electrical consumption

A

Incandescent bulb

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62
Q

Produces by an instantaneous electrical in charges between two electrodes in a gas filled glass bulb. The electrical energy for the dicharge is kept in capacitor or condenser it usually ranges from 1/300 second and 1/500

A

Electronic flash

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63
Q

it refers to the filma nd photographic paper that basically composed of emulsion containing silver halides suspended in gelatin and coated on a transparent or reflective support

A

sensitized material

64
Q

parts of the sensitized material

A

emulsion - part of the film or photographic paper which contains the silver grains which is the one sensitive to light. in a colored film this emulsion surface can be composed of three layers (blue, green and red) with filters intervening

anti hilation backing - designed to hold back the light and prevent hilation

base - supports the emulsion

65
Q

usually represented by a prefix or a suffix “pan” or “ortho” and generally used in black and white photography. examples are ortholith film, tri x-pan and pan x-plus

A

black and white film

66
Q

divided into two: the negative and the reversal type of colored film. the former is usually having names ending in color while the word chrome represents the latter. e.g. blue sensitive film, orhtochromatic film and panchromatic film.

A

colored film

67
Q

the responsiveness of the film emulsion to the different wavelength of the light source

A

spectral sensivity

68
Q

sensitive to U.V. light and blue color

A

blue - sensitive film

69
Q

sensitive to U.V. light up to the green

A

orhtochromatic film

popular in the maker as kodalith film

70
Q

sensitive to U.V. light up to red

sensitive to all colors of the visible light

A

panchromatic film

71
Q

permit short exposures under average lighting condition and has the advantages of the frain structure

A

process panchromatic film

72
Q

designed originally for photographing object under adverse lighting condition

A

high speed panchromatic film

73
Q

sensitive to all colors and to infra-red light

A

infra-red film

74
Q

this refers to the degree of sensitivity of the film to light

A

film speed (emulsion speed)

75
Q

this is expressed in arithmetic value system, the bigger the number the more sensitive the film is. ASA 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000.

A

ASA (american standards association)

76
Q

expressed in logarithmic value system. used in the same principle as the ASA
DIN 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 etc

A

DIN (deutche industre normen)

77
Q

expressed as combination of ASA and DIN rating

A

ISO (international standard organization)

78
Q

it is that sensitized material that willl record the visible image in the final development and become the photograph

A

photographic paper

79
Q

types of photographic papers according to emulsion used (silver halied content)

A

silver chloride paper
silver bromide paper
silver chlorobromide paper
variable contract paper

80
Q

types of photographic papers according to physical characteristics

A

WEIGHT

  • light weight
  • single weight
  • double weight

SURFACE TEXTURE

  • glossy paper
  • semi-mate paper
  • rough paper

COLOR

  • white
  • cream
  • buff paper
81
Q

types of photographic papers according to contrast (grade)

A

velox no. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

82
Q

used for contact orinting, the size of the positive print is the same as the size of the negative used. sensitivity to light is low and give blue-black tones when properly developed

A

silver chloride paper

83
Q

used projection, printing and enlarging process. this is one of the most ideal photo paper used for police photography. will give a black tone when properly developed

A

silver bromide paper

84
Q

used both for projection and contact printing. slow emulsion

A

silver chlorobromide paper

85
Q

combines the contrast range in one aper it sues a special chlorobromide emulsion that produces carying contrast responses upon exposure to different colors of light

A

variable contract paper

86
Q

designed for high flexibility and when paper thickness is not of considiration. intended for purposes, which involves folding

A

light weight

87
Q

papers used for small prints or which are need to be mounted on solid and fine details necessary in the production. used in ordinary photographic purposes

A

single weight

88
Q

generically used for large prints because they stand up under rough treatment

A

double weight

89
Q

designed for fine details and brilliant image formation

A

glossy paper

90
Q

obscure the fine details

A

semi-mate paper

91
Q

used for large prints or where breath rather than detail is necessary

A

rough papers

92
Q

better used in police photography

A

white papers

93
Q

preferred for pictorial effect, portraits, landscape or when warmth effect is desired

A

cream papers

94
Q

prepare fo tone prints

A

buff papers

95
Q

used for printing extremely contrast negative or extremely exposed film

A

velox no. 0

96
Q

used for high contrast negative (over exposed film)

A

velox no. 1

97
Q

used for normal exposed film

A

velox no. 2

98
Q

used for negative with weak contrast (under exposed)

A

velox no. 3

99
Q

used to provide sufficient contrast to compensate for very thin or weak negatives. it is useful imprinting which high contrast is desired

A

velox no. 4

100
Q

is a light tight box with light gathering device and a means of blocking unwanted or unecessary light from reaching the sensitized material. basically camera can produce image with its four (4) basic parts such as light tight box, lens, and shutter, holder of sensitized material

101
Q

for flat negative that are unprintable

A

velox no.5

102
Q

essential parts of the camera

A 
light tight box
lens
shutter
holder of the sensitized material
view finder
103
Q

part of the camera designed to keep light out ad serve as a frame to hold other parts

A

light tight box

104
Q

part of the camera designed to collect oor to focus the reflected light from an object to form an image on the film

105
Q

part of the camera designed to control the time during which the light reaches the film

106
Q

part of the camera located at the opposite side of the lens designed to hold firmly the sensitized material to prevent formation of the multiple or blurred image

A

holder of the sensitized material

107
Q

part of the camera designed to determine the filed of view of the camera or the extent of the coverage of the given lens

A

view finder

108
Q

other parts of the camera

A 
viewing system
film advancer
shutter speed
lens aperture
focusing
109
Q

part of the camera which provides the means of showing to the photographer the entire scene coverage that can be recorded in the sensitized materal

A

viewing system

110
Q

part of the camera designed to transfer the exposed fim to the other side or to take up spool and the unexposed film will be the opposite side of the lens for another exposure

A

film advancer (film advance lever or knob)

111
Q

part of the camera which regulates the time exposure of the film thus, affecting the amount of light reaching the sensitized material. it is usually expressed in a fraction of a second
1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, etc

A

shutter speed

112
Q

ratio between the diameter of the whole lens in relation to the focal length of the lens. it is the light gathering power of the lens. otherwise known as lens opening or relative aperture and it is expressed in f-number
f-2.8, f-4, f-5.6, f-8, f-11, f-6

A

lens aperture

113
Q

the lower the f-number ___________________

A

the bigger the lens opening and the bigger the lens opening the greater volume of air that will passed through the lens and reach the sensitized material

114
Q

if the objective of a photographer is obtain the widest possile coverage of the lens in which objects are all sharp

A

it is advisable to use a smaller lens opening

115
Q

is that mechanism of a camera designed to control the degree of sharpness ofthe object to be photograph. it is usually obtained bty estimating the distance from the camera and that of the object that will make a sharp or clear image

116
Q

types of focusing device

A

range finder (either coincidence or split image type)
ground glass
scale bed

117
Q

coincidence otherwise known as superimposed image focusing. in this type of focusing a single object will apperaed double once the object is not in focus, but moving the focusing adjustment this double image will coincidence or suerimposed to form a single object

A

range finder (coincidence)

118
Q

it shows an image in split or two parts once the object in not in focus once the two parts of the image has been united then the object is alreadt focused

A

range finder (split image type)

119
Q

this is observed from the viewing system of the camera, once the object is not in focused the object will be viewed to be blurred and will turn sharp and clear once adjusted

A

ground glass

120
Q

estimating the distance of the object and adjusting the camera control based on his estimation do this

121
Q

types of camera

A

view finder type
single lens reflex camera
twin lens reflex camera
view or press type

122
Q

it is considered as the smallest and the simplest type of camera

A

view finder type

123
Q

type of camera best suited for police work due to its interchangeability of the lens

A

single lens reflex camera

124
Q

a type of camera with dual lens, one for focusing and the other for forming the image

A

twin lens reflex camera

125
Q

is considered the biggest and expensive type of camera, used for movie making

A

view or press type

126
Q

it is the image-forming device of the lens that actually has a greater effect on the quality of the image to be formed

127
Q

a medium or system which converge or diverge light rays passing through it to form an image

128
Q

maybe made up of a glass or transparent material, which permit light to pass through and change the direction of light

129
Q

first to inroduce the use of lens in the camera

A

daniel barbaro

130
Q

classification of lenses according to the type of image to be produced

A

positive or convex lens

negative or concave lens

131
Q

classification of lenses according to the degree of corrections

A 
meniscule lens
rapid rectilinear lens
anastigmat lens
achromatic lens
apochromatic lens
132
Q

characterized by the fact that it is thicker at the center and thinner at the side which is capable of bending the light together and forms the image inversely

A

positive or convex lens (converging lens)

133
Q

characterized by the fact that it is thinner at the center and thicker at the side and forms the virtual image on the same side of the lens

A

negative or concave lens (diverging lens)

134
Q

lens that has no correction

A

meniscule lens

135
Q

lens corrected of distortion

A

rapid rectilinear lens

136
Q

correcting astigmatism

A

anastigmat lens

137
Q

correcting chromatic aberration

A

achromatic lens

138
Q

correcting both astigmatism and chromatic aberration

A

apochromatic lens

139
Q

inherent lens defects

A 
spherical aberration
coma
curvature of field
distortion
chromatic aberration
astigmatism
chromatic difference of magnification
flares
140
Q

inability of the lens to focus light passing the side of the lens producing an image that is sharp in the center and blurred at the side

A

spherical aberration

141
Q

inability of the lens to focus light that travels straight or lateral, thus making it blurred while he light reaching the lens oblique is the one that is transmitted sharp

A

coma (also known as lateral aberration)

142
Q

the realtion of the image of th different point are incorrect with respect to one another

A

curvature of field

143
Q

defect in shape not in sharpness it can either be pincushion distortion or barrel

A

distortion

144
Q

pincushion distortion

A

curving inward

145
Q

barrel distortion

A

curving outward

146
Q

inability of the lens to focus light of varying wavelength. the lens refracts rays of short wavelength more strongly than those of longer wavelength and therefore bringing blue rays to a shorter focus that the red

A

chromatic aberration

147
Q

a form of lens defects in which the horizontal and vertical axis are not equally magnified.

A

astigmatism

148
Q

condition of the lens producing multiple images

149
Q

iinablity of the lens to focus both horizontal and vertical lines

A

astigmatism

150
Q

the process of eliminating unwanted portion of the negative during enlarging

151
Q

is the process of omitting an object during the process of enlarging and printing

152
Q

is the gradual fading of the image towards the side through skillful adjustment on the doging board

A

vignetting

153
Q

the process designed in changing the color tone of the photograph

A

dye toning

154
Q

refers to additional exposure on a desired portion of the negative used for purposes of making balance exposure

A

burning in

Criminalistics (6 decks)

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