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Criminalistics > Forensic Ballistics > Flashcards

Forensic Ballistics Flashcards

1
Q

the science of the motion of the porjectile and the condition that affects their motion.

A

ballitstics

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2
Q

refers to the mobility or movement of the projectile from the time it leaves the shell empty

A

motion

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3
Q

any metallic or non-metallic ball which is propelled from a firearm

A

projectile

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4
Q

three (3) general types of motion

A

direct motion
rotatory motion
translation motion

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5
Q

the forward motion of the bullet or shots out of the shell by the action of the expansive force of gases from a burning gunpowder

A

direct motion

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6
Q

the action of the bullet passing through a rifled bore barrel firearm which is either twisted to the left or to the right

A

rotatory motion

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7
Q

the action of bullet once it hits a target and subsequently ricocheted

A

translational motion

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8
Q

origin of the word ballistics

A

the word ballistitcs was derived from two (2) greek words. the word “ballo” and the word “ballein” which literally means “to throw” the term also said to have been derived from Roman war machine called “ballista”

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9
Q

three (3) divisions of ballistics

A

internal ballistics
external ballistics
terminal ballistics

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10
Q

it treats of the motion of the projectile while it still inside the firearm (chamber/barrel) which extends from the breech to the muzzle

A

interior (internal) ballistics

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11
Q

the priming mixture is composed of ________

A

KCLO3, sulfur and carbon located at either at the cavity rim or at the center of the primer upon the striking effect of the firing pin

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12
Q

striking effect of the firing pin will ignite and such action is called

A

percussion action

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13
Q

the equal and opposite reaction of the gun against the forward movement of the bullet opin explosion

A

recoil

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14
Q

the backward or rearward movement of the gun in relation to the forward movement of the bullet

A

recoil

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15
Q

another portion of the recoil action characterized as the backward and upward movement of that takes place before the bullet leaves the muzzle

A

jump

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16
Q

the relative speed of the bullet per unit of time while it is still inside the barrel expressed in feet per second

A

velocity of the bullet insde the barrel

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17
Q

the whole internal ballistics

A 
firing pin hitting the primer
ignition of the priming mixture
combustion of the gunpowder or propellant
expansion of the heated gas
pressure developed 
energy generated
recoil of the gun
velocity of the bullet inside the barrel
rotation of the bullet inside the barrel
engraving of the cylindrical surface of the bullet
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18
Q

treats of the attributes or movement of the porjectile after leaving the gun muzzle

A

exterior (external) ballistics

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19
Q

the noise created at the muzzle point of the gun

A

muzzle blast

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20
Q

energy generated at the muzzle point measured in foot pound

A

muzzle energy

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21
Q

refers to the parabola-like flight of the projectile from the time it leaves the muzzled until it hits the target

A

trajectory

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22
Q

also described as the actual curve path taken by the bullet

A

trajectory

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23
Q

it refers to the imaginary straight distance between the muzzle of the gun and the target

A

range

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24
Q

3 types of range

A

accurate range
effective range
maximum range

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25
Q

the distance within which the shooter or gunner has control of his shots

A

accurate range

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26
Q

the distance within which when the bullet was fired it is still capable of inflicting fatal injury

A

effective range

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27
Q

the distance that a projectile can be propelled from a firearm

A

maximum range

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28
Q

the farthest distance the bullet could travel

A

maximum range

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29
Q

refers to the rate of speed of the bullet (during its flight) per unit of time usually express is feet per second

A

velocity

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30
Q

it is the downward reaction of the bullet towards the earth surface due to its weight

A

pull of gravity

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31
Q

refers to the force of the air encounter by the bullet in its flight

A

air resistance

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32
Q

the whole external ballistics

A 
muzzle blast
muzzle energy
trajectory
range
velocity
pull of gravity
air resistance
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33
Q

branch of ballistics which deals with the effects of the impact of the projectile on the target

A

terminal ballistics

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34
Q

it refers to the size of the bullet grouping on the target

A

terminal accuracy

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35
Q

the energy or force of the projectile when it strikes the target same as stiking energy

A

terminal energy

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36
Q

the speed of the bullet upin striking the target

A

terminal velocity

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37
Q

the depth of entry of the bullet in the target

A

terminal penetration

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38
Q

the whole teminal ballitics

A

terminal accuracy
terminal energy
terminal velocity
terminal penetration

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39
Q

the branch of ballistics is the product of the application of the ballistics to law

A

forensic ballistics

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40
Q

the study of the motion of the projectile as applied to law or simply the science of firearm identification by means of the ammunition fired through them

A

forensic ballistics

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41
Q

scope of forensic ballistics

A

field investigation
ballistics technical examination of the exhibits
legal proceedings

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42
Q

wizard of the modern firearms and pioneered the breech loading single shot rifled which was adopted at winchester

A

john f. browning

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43
Q

oatenter the first practical revolver and maker of the colt peace maker, a famous revolver in the history

A

samuel colt

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44
Q

father of the percussion powder

A

alexander john forsyth

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45
Q

an israeli army who designed UZI (israel) in the year 1950

A

major uziel gal

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46
Q

father of modern ballistics

A

col. calvin h. goddard

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47
Q

designed and invented the semi automatic U.S. rifle cal. 30 m1 garand

A

john c. garand

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48
Q

a well-known expert int he field of smg (also known as grease gun) developed in 1941 m3a1 (USA)

A

george hyde

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49
Q

designed the AK 47 (soviet union) adopted by the russian army int eh year 1951

A

michael kalashnikov

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50
Q

AK 47 means

A

automat kalashnikova 47

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51
Q

founded the great firm of smith and wesson and pioneered in making breech loading rifles

A

horace smith

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52
Q

designed the U.S. m16 armalite under licensed by colt company from juy 1959 onwards

A

eugene stoner

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53
Q

depeloved shotgun bearing his name now the ithaca gun company

A

L.C. smith

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54
Q

developed in the course of WW1 the thompson m1a1 adn model of 1928 a1 (usa) pioneered the making of thompson sub machine gun

A

john t. thompson

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55
Q

associates of horace smith in the making of revolver

A

daniel b. wesson

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56
Q

maker of the known carbine

A

david marshall “carbine” williams

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57
Q

on of the best rifle and pistol maker

A

oliver winchester

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58
Q

the marvelous power of arts and nature

A

de mirabili poteste artis et naturae

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59
Q

a flintlock repeating rifle operated on a revolving principle

A

collier rifle

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60
Q

1st breeach loader adopted by the U.S. army made by col. john hall in 1811

A

hall rifle

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61
Q

pin fire cartridge was developed by

A

le faucheux

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62
Q

a much real pin fire cartridge was also developed by

A

houiller

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63
Q

smokeless was used in shotgun first in 1864 by

A

capt. eschultze of prussian army

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64
Q

smokeless was used in rifle by the year 1884 by

A

M. vielle of france

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65
Q

the most famous revolver in history and legend was manufactured

A

1873 (colt peace maker) model 1873, 45 cal.

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66
Q

developed the dirst fully automatic machine gun

A

hiram maxim (1884)

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67
Q

legal definition of firearms

A

firearms or arms as herein used, includes rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, pistol, revlover, and all other deadly weapons, to which a bullet, ball, shot, shell or other missiles maybe discharge

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68
Q

technical definition of firearms

A

firearms is an instrument used for the prepulsion of projectile by means of the expansive force gases coming from burning gunpowder (fbi manual of firearms identification)

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69
Q

2 general classification of firearms (according to interior barrel construction)

A

smooth bore firearms

rifled bore firearms

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70
Q

firearms that have no rifling (lands and grooves) inside their gun barrel

A

smooth bore firearms

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71
Q

examples of smooth bore firearms

A

shotgun and carbine

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72
Q

firearms that have rifling inside their gun barrel

A

rifled bore firearms

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73
Q

examples of rifled bore firearms

A

pistols, revolvers and other modern weapons

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74
Q

refers to those type of firearms that propels projectile with more than one inch diameter

A

artillery

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75
Q

examples of artillery

A

canon, mortars and bazookas

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76
Q

firearms that propels projectile with less thatn one inch diameter and it can be handled, moved and operated by one man

A

small arms

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77
Q

examples of small arms

A

machine gun, shoulder arms and handguns

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78
Q

firearms that is primarily designed for military use

A

machine gun

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79
Q

a light, portable form of machine gun, utilizing a pistol size ammunition, having a shoulder stock that may or may not be folded and designed to be fired with both hands

A

sub machine gun

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80
Q

types of firearms that were normally fired from the shoulder

A

shoulder arms

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81
Q

a shoulder weapon designed to fire a projectile with more accuracy through a long rifled bore barrel, usually more than 22 inches

A

rifles

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82
Q

a short barrel rifle, with its barrel rifle, measuring not longer thatn 22 inches. it fires a single projectile through a rifle-bore either semi-automatic or fully automatic, for every press of the triger

A

carbine

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83
Q

an ancient smoothbore and muzzle loading military shoulder arms designed to fire a shots or single round lead ball.

A

muskets

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84
Q

a smooth bore and a breeach loading shoulder arms designed to fire a number of lead pellets or shots in once charge

A

shotgun

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85
Q

different bore construction of shotgun

A

cylinder bore type
choke bored gun
paradox gun

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86
Q

the bore size is the same through out the barrel

A

cylinder bore tyoe

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87
Q

designed with a diminishing or reducing bore diamter type towards the muzzle. this type is designed to cause an effect to the travel of shots.

A

choke bored gun

88
Q

it make the shots travel longer before it spreads

A

choke bored gun

89
Q

a type of shotgun that has rifling only a few inch from its muzzle points

A

paradox gun

90
Q

those type of firearms that are designed or inteded to be fired using one hand

A

handguns

91
Q

examples of handguns

A

pistols and revolvers

92
Q

three classes of pistols

A 
single shot pistol
semi automatic pistol
revolving pistol (revolver)
93
Q

a type of firearms designed to position cartridge into position for firing with the aid of a rotating cylinder serving as ts chamber

A

revolver

94
Q

2 types of revolver (according to its mechanical firing action)

A

single action revolver

double action revolver

95
Q

a type of revolver that need a manual cocking of the hammer before squeezing the trigger

A

single action revolver

96
Q

a type of revolver that does not need manual cocking. just press the trigger and it both cocked and released the hammer causing a much faster firing

A

double action revolver

97
Q

types of firearms (according to the mechanical construction)

A 
single shot firearms
repeating arms
automatic firearms
slide action type
bolt action type
lever type (break type)
98
Q

types of firearms designed to fire only one shot every loading. examples: single shot pistols revolvers rifles and shotguns

A

single shot firearms

99
Q

a type of firearms designed to fire several loads (shots) in one loading. examples: automatic pistols revolvers rifles and shotguns

A

repeating arms

100
Q

type of firearms that constitutes a continuous firing in a single press of the trigger and while the trigger is press. examples: machine guns and rifles

A

automatic firearms

101
Q

types of firearms in which loading take place by back and forth manipulation of the under/over forearms of the gun. examples: riflis, shotgun and pistols

A

slide action type

102
Q

type of firearms in which reloading takes place by manipulating the both back and forth. examples: rifles, shotguns and machine guns

A

bolt action type

103
Q

type of firearms which loading takes place by lever action on the firearms. examples: rifles and shotguns

A

lever type (break type)

104
Q

miscellaneous types of gun

A 
cane gun 
knife pistol
cellphone gun
flare gun
freakish gun
gas gun
harpoon gun
liberator
multi barreled gun
paradox gun
tools 
traps
zip gun
105
Q

refers to all home made gun

A

zip gun or improvised firearm

106
Q

refers to loaded shell for rifles, muskets, carbine, shotgun, revolvers and pistols from which a ball, shot shell or other missiles maybe fired by means of gun powder or other explosive.

A

legal definition of ammunition

107
Q

refers to a group of cartridge or to a single cartrige.

A

technical definition of ammunition

108
Q

a complete unfired unit consisting of bullet (ball), primer (cap), cartridge case (shell) and gunpowder (propellant)

A

cartridge

109
Q

origin of the word cartridge

A

cartridge is derived from the latin word “charta” meaning paper and also from the french word “cartouche” meaning rolled paper this only indicate that the first type of cartridge was made up of rolled paper

110
Q

what century the term cartridge was used

A

16th century

111
Q

general types of ammunition

A 
dummy (used as model)
drill ammunition (without gun powder)
black ammunition (without bullet)
live ammunition
112
Q

classification of cartridge

A

According to the location of primer
pin-fire
rim-fire
center-fire

According to the rim diameter
 rimmed case type
 semi-rimmed type
 rimless type
 rebated type
 belted type
According to caliber
 cal. 22
 cal. 25
 cal. 30 (mauser)
 cal. 20 (luger)
 cal. 32 
 cal. 380
 cal. 357
 cal. 45
 cal 50
113
Q

type of cartridge in which the ignition cap (primer) is concealed inside the cartridge case and has a pin resting upon it

A

pin-fire cartridge

114
Q

type of cartridge in which the priming mixture is located at the hallow rim of the case can be fired if the cartridge is tuck by the firing pin on the rim of the case (cavity rim)

A

rim-fire cartridge

115
Q

refers to a cartridge in which the primer cup (ignition cap) is centrally placed in the base of the cartridge case and the priming mixture is exploded by the impact of the firing pin and with the support of the anvil

A

center-fire cartridge

116
Q

refers to the cartridge with rimless pattern, but which has a rim diameter smaller than the body of the case

A

rebated type

117
Q

a cartridge with a prominent raise belt around its body just in front of the extraction groove

A

belted type

118
Q

cal. 22

A

5.59 mm - used in revolver, pistol and rifles

119
Q

cal. 25

A

6.35 mm - used in pistols and rifles

120
Q

cal. 30 (mauser)

A

7.63 mm - used for carbines and other rifles

121
Q

cal. 30 (luger)

A

7.63 mm

122
Q

cal. 32

A

7.65 mm - used for automatic pistols and revolvers

123
Q

cal. 380

A

9 mm - used for pistols

124
Q

cal. 357

A

used in magnum 357 revolvers

125
Q

cal. 45

A

11 mm - used in automatic pistols

126
Q

cal. 50

A

used in 50 cal. machine gun

127
Q

refers to a complete unit of unfired cartridge consisting of the pellets, primer, case, wads and gunpowder

A

shotgun cartridge

128
Q

the unit measurement used in shotgun is expressed in?

A

gauge

129
Q

this is determined by the number of solid lead balls of pure lead, each with diameter of the barrel that can be prepared from one pound of lead

A

gauge of shotgun

130
Q

considered the biggest diameter gauge of a shotgun

A

10 - gauge

131
Q

considered the smalles diamter gauge of a shotgun

A

410 - gauge

132
Q

10 gauge

A

775 inch

133
Q

12 gauge

A

729 inch

134
Q

16 gauge

A

670 inch

135
Q

20 gauge

A

615 inch

136
Q

28 gauge

A

550 inch

137
Q

410 gauge

A

410 inch

138
Q

types of shots

A

soft or drop shots
chilled or hard shots
coated or plated shots
buck shots

139
Q

made by pure or nearly pure lead, to which a small amount of arsenic has been added to make it take on the form of spherical drop as it fall down the shot tower.

A

soft or drop shots

140
Q

this type is easy to deformed or flattened, loose their velocity quicker, low penetrating power and string out more

A

soft or drop shots

141
Q

type of shot with a small amount of antimony mixed with lead to increase hardness. it does not deform easily, better patterns, less string and more uniform velocity and penetration

A

chilled or hard shots

142
Q

also called as “lubaloy” shot.

A

coated or plated shots

143
Q

a chilled shot coated with thin copper through electroplating design for greater strength and elasticity, great resistance to deformation and leading and better pattern

A

coated or plated shots

144
Q

a large size lead shot for used in shotgun

A

buck shots

145
Q

origin of the word bullet

A

the word bullet was derived from the french word “boullete” which means a small ball. this term is generally used when we are referring to projectile fired from any small arms.

146
Q

general types of bullet

A

lead type

jacketed type

147
Q

types of bullet (according to their maximum effect to their targets)

A 
ball type
armor piercing
explosive bullet
incendiary bullet
tracer bullet
148
Q

type of a bullet that is basically composed of lead metal. its used was due to its density having a good weight is a small size and easy for casting

A

lead type

149
Q

tpye of bullet consisting of the regular lead core, coated with a copper alloy in order to prevent lead

A

jacketed type

150
Q

type of bullet which is intended for anty-personnel and general use

A

ball type

151
Q

type of military bullet designed to penetrate light steel armor. its mechanical construction makes it capable of penetrating through some light vehicle

A

armor piercing

152
Q

a small bullet containing a charge of explosive, which will detonate on impact

A

explosive bullet

153
Q

type of military bullet used to cause fire in a target, gengerally designed to use by aircraft armament in order for the fuel tanks to ignite

A

incendiary bullet

154
Q

type of military buller capable of leaving visible marks or traces while in flight giving the gunner a chance to observe the strike of the shot or make adjustments in the event of a miss

A

tracer bullet

155
Q

a metallic or non-metallic tabular container usually of brass (70% copper and 30%zinc) designed to unite bullet, primer and the gunpowder into one unit.

A

cartridge case

156
Q

it is also known as shell or casing

A

cartridge case

157
Q

functions of the cartridge case

A
  1. it locates the bullet properly relative to the bore of the firearm.
  2. it is used to carry the means of ignition
  3. it provides gas seals at the breech against an unwanted escape of propellant gas upon firing
  4. serves as waterproof container for the propellant or powder charge
  5. acts as the insulator between the propellant and the hot walls of the chamber in a rapid firing of firearms
158
Q

parts of the cartridge case

A 
base
rim
extracting grooves
primer pocket
body
shoulder
cannelure
neck
crimp
vent or flash hole
159
Q

the bottom portion of the cartridge case whoch contains the head stamp marking on the base of the shell containing the caliber, manufacturer and in some cases including the date, trade name, and batch number

A

base

160
Q

the part of the cartridge designed to limit the formward movement of the cartridge chamber

A

rim

161
Q

the cicular groove near the rim of the shell designed for automatic withrawal of the case from the chamber

A

extracting grooves

162
Q

that part of the shell which provides the means for the primer to be put in the central position.

A

primer pocket

163
Q

functions of primer pocket

A

hold the primer in place
to provide means to prevent escape of gas
to provide solid support for primer anvil

164
Q

the cylindrical part of the shell which house the gunpowder

A

body

165
Q

part of the cartridge case which support the neck of the cartridge which is evident in a bottleneck type

A

shoulder

166
Q

the cylindrical groove in the outer surface of the cartidge case designed to secure the shell to the chamber as well as prevent bullet from being push down to the powder charhe. in some instance it is even being utilized for identification

A

cannelure

167
Q

part of the shell whoch is actually occupied by the bullet. this is abvious ina a bottleneck type of shell but noy with a straight type

A

neck

168
Q

the cylindrical groove on the mouth of the shell

A

crimp

169
Q

two (2) puroposes of crimp

A
  1. to hold the bullet and prevent it from being pull out form it shell
  2. offers resistance to the bullet out of the neck to ensure burning of the gun powder
170
Q

the hole at the bottomg of the primer pocket as the passage way for the priming mixture to impart an ignition to the propellant charge

A

vent or flash hole

171
Q

the ignition system of the cartridge used ina center fire type, containing a higly sensitive chemical compound that woud easily ignite or bursts into flame when struck by the firing pin.

A

primer

172
Q

it may either be berdan or boxer type it is also known as percussion cup

A

primer

173
Q

a type of primer construction which was designed in 1860’s by col. Hiram S. Berdan of the U.S. army ordinance dept.

A

berdan type primer

174
Q

developed by col. Edward M. Boxer of the royal laboratory at woolwich arsenal in the 1866

A

boxer type primer

175
Q

parts of the primer

A

primer cup
priming mixture
anvil
disc

176
Q

the highly sensitive chemical compound which ignites by the mechanical blow of the firing pin. it is also called as percussion powder

A

priming mixture

177
Q

the brass gilding metal cup which contains the priming mixture the disc and the anvil

A

primer cup

178
Q

that portion of the primer which provides solid support and absorbs the blow of the firing piin causing friction that would initiates ignition

A

anvil

179
Q

a thin paper or foil which is pressed over the priming mixture in order to protect it from the moisture attack

A

disc

180
Q

also called as propellant and power charge

A

gunpowder

181
Q

the mixture of chemicals of carious compositions designed to prepel projectile by means of its expansive force of gas when burned

A

gunpowder

182
Q

two (2) of the most popular individuals whose name is always attached to gunpowder discovery

A

roger bacon and berthold schwartz

183
Q

a franciscan monk, who wrote the “de mirabili poteste artis et naturae” (the marvelous power of art and nature) including an anagram (nag a ram)

A

roger bacon (1242 A.D.)

184
Q

a mysterious monk of freburg, who according to legend that is supported by an engraving dated 1643, while experimenting on some powder in a cast iron vessel, he ignited a charge and this blew off the lid, and from this deduced the principle of containing a charge in a tube and propelling a shot

A

berthold schwartz

185
Q

berthold schartz real name

A

constantin anklitzen

186
Q

the oldest known explosive, was iniatlly made from saltpeter (75%) charcoal (15%) and sulfur (10%)

A

black powder

187
Q

the basic ingredient used for smokeless powder

A

nitrocellulose

188
Q

how nitrocellulose is produced

A

by adding nitric acid into cellulose fiber

189
Q

who made the first succesful use of smokeless powder in shot gun

A

captain e. schultze (1864)

190
Q

french developed the first smokless powder for riffle in the 1884

A

later m. vieille

191
Q

later m. vieille named smokeless powder after gen. boulanger

A

puodre B

192
Q

invented a smokeless powder with a nitroglycerine (40%) and nitrocellulose (60%) as the main composition and called it “ballistite”

A

alfred Nobel

193
Q

nire powerful thatn picric acid but much difficult to detonate

A

tri-nitrololeune (TNT)

194
Q

picric acid in addition to cellulose powder is called

A

lyddite

195
Q

a smokeless powder with same composition as nobel in the form of cords or sticks

A

cordite

196
Q

what year the smokeless powder had replaced the black powder

A

early 1890’s

197
Q

smokeless powder was uniformly used worldwide in the year

A

1900’s

198
Q

stages of manifacture of barrel

A

drilling
reaming
riffling
lapped

199
Q

this process neccessary for the making of the helical groves inside the barrel

A

riffling

200
Q

methods performed in riffling

A

hook - cutter system (cutter)
scrape - cutter system (scraper)
broaching system - (broach)
button - (button)

201
Q

types of characteristics of firearms

A 
class characteristics
individual characteristics
202
Q

those properties or attributes of a firearms which can be determined even before the manifacture of the gun. this is true for such characteristics are considered to be a manufacture’s designs or specifications and security

A

class characteristics

203
Q

class characteristics of a firearm

A 
bore diameter
number of lands and grooves
width of the lands
width of the grooves
direction of twist
pitch of rifiling
depth of the grooves
204
Q

the groove’s depth if measured on a radius of the bore. igrooves are usually few thousandths of an inch deep, which equal to the height of the lands

A

depth of the grooves

205
Q

it is the measure of the twisting of the lands and grooves.

A

pitch of riffling

206
Q

refers to the measure of the distance advance by the riffling in order to make a complete turn inside the barrel

A

pitch of riffling

207
Q

the number of lands and grooves inside the barrel of a given firearm are always the same or equal.

A

number of lands and grooves

208
Q

it may run from 3 to 8, but the most in the modern firearm are 5 and 6

A

number of lands and grooves

209
Q

the elevated portion of the bore of the firearm

A

lands

210
Q

the depressed postion of the bore between the lands

A

grooves

211
Q

measured as the shortest distance between the two dies or edge or grooves

A

width of the grooves

212
Q

riffling inside the barrel of the gun is either twisted to the left or to the right which cause bullet to rotate as it passes through the bore, in order to ensure gyroscopic stability in its flight

A

direction of twist

213
Q

the diameter to which the bore was reamed.

A

bore diameter

214
Q

the distance measured between two opposite lands inside the bore in a hundredths or thousandths of an inch. in most express in either caliver in inch or in millimeters

A

bore diameter

215
Q

meant for those characteristics which are being determined only after the firearm was already been manufactured.

A

individual characteristics

216
Q

they are the product of machine imperfections and some later due to the used of the firearms

A

individual characteristics

Criminalistics (6 decks)

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