POL 3335 Quiz 3 Prep Flashcards
1
Q
Public Finance and the Liturgical System Presentation Main Points
A
- encouraged civil responsibility and promoted democracy
- purpose was to ensure community needs were met without taxing poorer citizens
- turned private wealth into public good, promoting civic responsibility and supporting democratic values
- create a unique blend of personal duty and public benefit, shaping Athenian Democracy.
2 - wealthy athenians funded public services, festivals, and military needs.
2
Q
Political Participation of the Thetes Main Points
A
- participation of thetes in Athenian Democracy fostered social cohesion by ensuring inclusitivity in governance.
- solon reforms - catergorization of 4 classes by wealth
- cleisthenes - expanded citizenship
- successes of the navy, enhanced their political standing
social cohesion- degree of connectedness and solidarity among groups
more citizens had a voice in government, promoted shared experiences, and strengthened community bonds
3
Q
Ostracism presentation main points
A
- political process used in 5th century where individuals in Athens, considered too powerful or dangerous to the city were exciled for 10 yrs based on popular vote
- exiled citizens still had citizenship and propety rights
- nature of true democracy and fairness was questioned
raises question of fairness
4
Q
Scrutiny of Public Officials (Euthunai) Main Points
A
- examination of public officials conduct in office that was held at the end of their terms
- conducted by boards of logistai and Euthunoi
- anyone could be held accountable regardless at what stage they were at during their term
- checks and balances and premised encourage accountability amongst the individual and society
5
Q
Socrates Trial Main points
A
- first martyr to the principle of freedom of thought and to thought itself
- reason over public opinion
- trial pivotal event in Athenian Democracy
- trial was not unjust even while showing weaknesses of Athenian Democracy
Individual freedom will always be limited as long as you exist in a society of your peers
6
Q
Ancient Greece’s Economy presentation points
A
- Polis had their own economy
- Agriculture provided food and basic needs
- Coinage made trade easier and quicker
- incentive for people to invest in themselves
7
Q
Areopagus Main points
A
- an ancient greek council originally composed of aristocratic elders (weakened as democracy developed)
- draconian reforms (codified law)
- solon reforms (audit, chosen by lot)
- cleisthenses reforms (ostracism, created Boule (council of 500), gave power back to the people
- ephialtes reforms (reduced the court’s power, targeted the court, limited ability to remove officials from office and nullify laws)
- due to leaders reforms, power of the areopagus greatly diminished and the power of democracy arose.
8
Q
Public Speaking presentation main points
A
- seen as a way to promote and perfect democracy
- considered a necessary skill in the rise of democracy in the fifth century BC Athens
- 7 rules of public speaking needed to be followed in the Athenian Senate and Assembly; if not you would be asked to step down from the speaker’s podium
vital in democracy
9
Q
Public Festivals Main points
A
- central to the functioning of the Athenian political system
- most important were religious and civil festivals held in honor of the city state
- promotion of civic unity
- the panathenaea reinforced democratic values
- democratic value consisted of equal participation, civil engagement, and collective action
- for all citizens honor and prestige
- reflected idea of the polis (entity above individual interests)
10
Q
Wars on Democracy main points
A
- battle at marathan shaped athenian democracy as it fostered unity, resilience, and civic responsibility
- developed a sense of identity for Athenians across all social classes
- citizen-soldier ideal expanded
- battle laid foundation for inclusive governance and democratic values in Athens
11
Q
Trial procedures and public participation Main points
A
- the use of large juries, time limited speeches, and voting metod were essential to democratic process as it gave citizens ability to participate in the important parts of government
- direct democracy
- punishments and limitations (cases decided by majority vote and sentencing was also decided by the jury who chose between the proposed penalties by either the defense of prosecution)
- limitations included (lack of inclusitivity, lack of oversight that allowed bias to be present)
12
Q
The Athenian Courts (Dikasteria) Main points
A
- the structure of Athenian Courts and the use of large juries key part of democratic process in ancient Athens
- ^^system was to ensure widespread citizen involvement in the judicial process (core democratic principle of Athens)
- “demos had kratos”
- large juries were considered safeguards against corruption, jurors decided verdict and punishments, and large juries allowed for broad civic participation
- large juries consisted of 500-1500 citizens
13
Q
Spartan Education Main points
A
- agoge - education system for males only (encouraged loyalty to their brothers in arms and to their city state)
- boys would be taken away from families at 7, deprived of basic needs at 12 to develop survival skills, by age 30 education would end and would get married and have kids
- women were educated to perform well in dometic activities (give birth to warriors)
- enforced strict obedience and cared more about military
14
Q
Athenian education system
A
- aimed to create well-rounded individuals by emphasizing cultural values, civil life, and intellectual development
- higher education was meant to be more accessible
core curriculum included: literacy, readings, physical excercise, music and poetry, history and mythology
15
Q
Women and physical training Main points
A
- women followed a physical fitness regimen similar to boys (running, wrestling, horseback riding, and javelin throwing
- spartan women could own property and participate in same-sex relationships
- overall women in sparta had more economic independence, respect, and visibility
16
Q
Goddesses in mythology Main points
A
- gender and power
- myths showed women’s power as complex
- challenged the idea of male authority
17
Q
Athenian citizenship main points
A
- following pericles law in 451 BC, citizenship was made more exclusive
- both parents must be athenian citizens for the child to be granted citizenship
- citizen rights/duties - males had more rights than women
- non-citizens were not granted similar rights or any rights at all
18
Q
What was the significance of the Twelve Tables in Roman law?
A
- first recorded laws
- dealt with various aspects of Roman life including: domestic issues, private property, inheritance, debt, and even, the emancipation of slaves.
19
Q
How did the Twelve Tables in Roman law impact the relationship between patricians and plebeians?
A
- reiterated the divide in social classes
- ex. prohibited marriage between patricians and plebeians
- divide later led to the creation of an assembly known as the concilium plebis that focused on granting plebians equal representation.
20
Q
Comitia Curiata?
A
A voting assembly responsible for appointing magistrates and priests and the confirmation of wills and adoptions
21
Q
Comitia centuriata
A
responsible for electing magistrates, enacting laws, and making decisions regarding roman warfare
22
Q
Comitia tributa?
A
comprised of both social classes, enacted laws, oversaw minor trials, and dealt with lower-level elections
23
Q
How did the assemblies in the roman republic refelct democratic elements?
A
- citizens would aid in electing representatives
- government power was split up into different assemblies (assemblies had different responsibilities)
24
Q
Cursus honorum system
A
- four step process that helped an individual eventually become a magistrate
- 1) Quaestor
- 2) Aedile
- 3) Praetor
- 4) Consul
established a hiearchical system and slave society
higher positions outside of this system included the censor, dictator, and tribune
25
Questor
* acted as state treasury and had to be at least 30
* there were 40 by the end of the republic
26
Aedile
* acted as city level management
* minimum age had to be 37
* by the end of the republic there were 6
27
Praetor
* served as justice and involved in some military command
* minumum age was 40
* by the end of the republic there were 16
28
Consul
* served as head of state and military command (military and adminstrators)
* minumum age 42
* by the end of the republic there were 2
* power diminished over time
29
Tribune of the Plebs
* aimed to represent the interests of ordinary people
* had veto power, could propose laws, protected citizens, convened assemblies, and advocated for reforms
* Tiberius Gracchus (known for his reforms in the tribune)
^^^land redistribution, attempted to bypass the senate
30
Roman Senate
* had 300 to 600 members
* had to be elected
* responsible for safety, law and order, state treasury, and foreign policy
31
Res-publica
* referred to the roman republic a system of governance established after the overthrow of the monarchy in 509 BCE
* promoted collective decision making and civic duty
* relied on seperation of powers
32
SPQR
* official emblem of the roman republic
* displayed on public buildings, monuments, coins, etc.
* unified symbol of roman identity
* signaled shared power between rome's elites and the citizens
33
What destoyed the republic?
concentration of power into the hands of one man who was always a general.
34
Athens vs. Rome
* in the republic, power of the populus regarded that people a lot of power in theory
* mary bear argued "there are clear traces of wider political culture in which the popular voice was a key element. the votes of the poor mattered and were eagerly canvassed"
* Lex Hortensia meant to serve as a political revolution as it set precedent for more inclusive governance (passed laws by the plebeian council)
## Footnote
enacted in 287 BCE
35
Polybius
* Greek Historian and statesman who lived from around 200-118 BCE
* known for his work The Histories
36
Livy
* Roman historian and philosopher
* Primary objective in further advancing roman qualities
* Appreciations for past knowledge
* Past was capable of providing significant advice for the present
* Storytelling is an effective way of teaching values in society
37
Foundations of Roman law: evolution and legacy
* Customary law
1. * Important legal system in history
1. * Influenced many modern law
1. * The way of the ancestor
1. * Reading custom paths to guide how people behaved in society
* Senatus Consulta
* Included rules about family, households, and everyday life
* Magistrates such as praetors issued edits to adjust new laws
38
Twelve Tables concept def
* overall foundation of roman legislation
* rights and duties for all citizens
* roman law written on 12 bronze tablets and created during 451-450 BCE
39
Cicero
* roman statesman, lawyer, writer, orator, and philosopher that upheld republican principles
* wanted to implement republican ideas rather than work to get acceptance from the elites
* tried to take Caesar's consulship
40
Libertas
* core value in roman republican culture
* collective self-governments
* excluded women, slaves, and non-citizens
41
Virtis
* connected to political and military leadership
* could embody this as long as you were a good citizen
* awarded honorus once you have virtis
* heavily emphasized public recognition in Rome.
42
Citizenship in Ancient Rome
* more inclusive (for all people except slaves)
* representative democracy
* more room for growth
## Footnote
- while representative democracy, senate dominated policy and favored the wealthy elite in practice
43
Ancient Athens citizenship review
* only applicable to native born adult males
* had the ability to actively debate and vote on laws and policies in the Assembly
* majority vote decisions, magistrate positions filled by lot
44
Pericles Oration
45
Greek Colonization
46
Olympic Games
