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Term 3: Pharmacology > Poisons etc > Flashcards

Poisons etc Flashcards

1
Q

What are three ways to reduce absorption of toxins?

A
  • induce emesis with ipecac
  • gastric lavage

**activated charcoal

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2
Q

What is the emetic agen in ipecac?

A

-cephaeline

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3
Q

What are the contraindications for induced emesis with ipecac?

A
  • age < 9mo
  • Hydrocarbon or corrosive ingestion
  • Risk of CNS depression or seizures
  • No gag reflex = aspiration risk
  • Pregnancy
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4
Q

What are the indications for ipecac?

A
  • ingestion within 1 hour of presentation

- asymptomatic

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5
Q

What are the indications for gastric lavage?

A
  • ingestion within 4 hours

* best within 1hr

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6
Q

What are the contraindications for gastric lavage?

A
  • acid or alkali ingestion

- severe bleeding diathesis

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7
Q

What are the complications of gastric lavage?

A
  • aspiration pneumonitis
  • esophageal perforation
  • CV instability
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8
Q

What are the complications of ipecac?

A
  • Aspiration pneumonitis
  • Mallory-Weiss tear of the esophagus
  • Protracted vomiting
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9
Q

What is the recommendation for activated charcoal use?

A

-use alone in the alert, relatively asymptomatic aduclt, with a mild to moderate poisoning

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10
Q

What are the 4 non-specific therapies to enhance elimination of a toxin?

A
  • multiple doses of charcoal
  • alkaline diuresis
  • hemodialysis
  • hemoperfusion
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11
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?

A

N-acetylcysteine (mucomist)

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12
Q

What is the antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

-oxygen

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13
Q

What is the antidote for B-blocker overdose?

A

-glucagon

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14
Q

What is the antidote for cyanide?

A

Nitrates

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15
Q

What is the antidote for digoxin overdose?

A

-digoxin-specific Fab fragments

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16
Q

What is the antidote for narcotics overdose?

17
Q

What is the antidote for organophosphate overdose?

A
  • atropine

- Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

18
Q

What is a Teratogen?

A
  • an agent that induces structural malformations, metabolic or physiological dysfunction, psychological, or behavior alterations in the OFFSPRING
  • either at birth or manifested during postnatal period
19
Q

What is the antidote for methamphetamine overdose?

A
  • Supportive care

- benzodiazepines

20
Q

What is the antidote for a Warfarin/heparin overdose?

A
  • vitamin K

- Fresh plasma

21
Q

What is the antidote for a methotrexate overdose?

A
  • Leukovorin

- Folinic acid

22
Q

What is the antidote for cyclophosphamide poisoning?

23
Q

What is the antidote for atropine overdose?

A

Physostigmine

Term 3: Pharmacology (15 decks)

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