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Term 3: Pharmacology > Pharmacology Review 1/23/15 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Review 1/23/15 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do partial agonists have less activity that full agonists?

A. They bind less tightly to the receptor

B. they bind to active and inactive receptors

C. they only bind to the inactive receptor

D. they reset the equilibrium constant

A

B. they bind to active and inactive receptors

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2
Q

In the presence of a fixed concentration of a competitive antagonist, what should the log dose response curve reveal.

A. Change in both Emax and Kd

B. No changes in Emax or Kd

C. Only the Emax changes

D. Only the Kd changes

A

D. Only the Kd changes

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3
Q

In the presence of a fixed concentration of a non-competitive antagonist, what should the log dose response curve reveal?

A. Change in both Emax and Kd

B. No changes in Emax or Kd

C. Only the Emax changes

D. Only the Kd changes

A

C. Only the Emax changes

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4
Q

Which of the following is true of an inverse agonist?

A. Actually an antagonist

B. Alters equilibrium constant

C. Can act at other points in signaling

D. Not a true agonist

A

B. Alters equilibrium constant

**think: it binds the inactive form of the receptor, pulling the equilibrium

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5
Q

Which of the following drugs is an inverse agonist?

A. Propranolol

B. Epinephrine

C. Histamine

D. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

E. Norepinephrine (Levofed)

A

D. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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6
Q

If somebody told you a drug had a very low Therapeutic Index you would know the following was true:

A. It has a wide therapeutic window

B. It has a narrow therapeutic window

C. It’s LD50 is much larger than its ED50

D. It’s LD50 is not far from its ED50

A

D. It’s LD50 is not far from its ED50

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7
Q

Aspirin has a pKa of 3.4 and is allowed to equilibrate between the stomach (pH 1.4) and the plasma (pH 7.4). At equilibrium what will the ratio of aspirin in plasma be to aspirin in the stomach?

A. equal

B. 100 to 1

C. 1,000 to 1

D. 10,000 to 1

A

D. 10,000 to 1

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8
Q

Codeine has a pKa of 7.9 and is allowed to equilibrate between the stomach (pH 1.4) and the plasma (pH 7.4). At equilibrium what will the ratio of codeine in plasma be to codeine in the stomach?

A. equal

B. 1.0 to 10

C. 1.0 to 1,000

D. 1.0 to 1,000,000

A

D. 1.0 to 1,000,000

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9
Q

Which of the following methods of drug administration is enteral?

A. Intravenous

B. Intramuscular

C. Rectal

D. Subcutaneous

A

C. Rectal

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10
Q

Your patient tells you that their metered dose inhaler is not helping manage her asthma. What should you do?

A. Order a nebulizer treatment

B. Prescribe an oral medication

C. Switch them to a Diskus

D. Watch them use their metered device

A

D. Watch them use their metered device

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11
Q 
What is an antidote for an overdose of beta blockers?

A. Bicarbonate
B. Acetylcysteine
C. Naloxone
D. Deforoxamine
E. Glucagon
F. Protamine
A

E. Glucagon

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12
Q

A patient with heart failure currently being treated with Digoxin, has a toxic concentration of digoxin 8 ng / ml in his plasma. The half-life of Digoxin is about 24 hours.

How long will it take to reach a safe level of 2 ng / ml digoxin? Digoxin at these concentrations is eliminated by first order kinetics.

	A. One day
	B. Two days
	C. Two hours
	D. Three days
	E. Six days
A

B. Two days

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13
Q

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose
levels and leads to long-term health complications.

Which of the following medications help these patients by 
decreasing glucose synthesis and also decreasing release of glucose by liver?

A. Insulin
B. Sulfonyl ureas
C. Diet and Exercise
D. Metformin
E. Pioglitazone (TZD)
A

D. Metformin

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14
Q

A person is brought to the emergency room and had
pinpoint (constricted) pupils.

This person is likely overdosed on:

A. Amphetamine (Speed)
B. Organophosphates
C. Cocaine
D. MDMA (Ecstasy)
E. Ephedrine
F. Codeine
A

B. Organophosphates

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15
Q

Adrenergic nervous system is generally mediated by
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine.
Identify an EXCEPTION to this general rule.

A. Sweating and Temperature regulation by acetylcholine
B. Sweating and Temperature control by angiotensin II
C. ADH (Vasopressin) release by acetylcholine to
increase water reabsorption
D. Aldosterone release by acetylcholine to increase
sodium reabsorption
E. Sweating and Temperature control by dopamine
F. By stimulating uncoupling proteins in multilocular adipocytes

A

A. Sweating and Temperature regulation by acetylcholine

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16
Q 
All of the following are diuretics. 
Which of the following Diuretics is preferred to decrease 
increased intracranial pressure and cerebral edema?

A. Acetazolamide
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Spironolactone
E. Mannitol
A

E. Mannitol

17
Q

You give a bolus dose of mannitol by I.V. route to a patient.

What is the volume of distribution of mannitol?

A.  5 liters
B.  15 liters
C.  40 liters
D.  500 liters
E.  Not enough data given to calculate
A

A. 5 liters

18
Q 
Which one of the following drugs inhibits its 
target enzyme in a reversible manner?

A. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
B. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
C. Clopidogrel (Plaxix)
D. Echothiophate
E. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
A

B. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

19
Q

Nitroglycerine is a common drug used to treat angina pain. Among signal cascades shown below, choose the most correct cascade that corresponds to nitric oxide relaxing vascular smooth muscle resulting in dilation of blood vessels.

A. ↓ NO  ↑ Guanylyl cyclase  ↑ cGMP  ↑ PKG  ↓ MLCP  ↓ Myosin-P
B. ↑ NO  ↓ Guanylyl cyclase  ↓ cGMP  ↑ PKG  ↓ MLCP  ↓ Myosin-P
C. ↑ NO  ↑ Guanylyl cyclase  ↓ cGMP  ↑ PKG  ↓ MLCP  ↑ Myosin-P
D. ↑ NO  ↑ Guanylyl cyclase  ↑ cGMP  ↑ PKG  ↑ MLCP  ↓ Myosin-P
E. ↑ NO  ↑ Guanylyl cyclase  ↑ cGMP  ↓ PKG  ↑ MLCP  ↓ Myosin-P

A

D. ↑ NO  ↑ Guanylyl cyclase  ↑ cGMP  ↑ PKG  ↑ MLCP  ↓ Myosin-P

20
Q

The half-life of penicillin one hour. (Actually 30 min. – 1 hour)

You just took your last dose of penicillin this morning at 6 am. What % of penicillin is left in your body
after 6 hours (at 12 noon)?

A. about 50%
B. about 12.5%
C. about 5%
D. less than 2%
A

D. less than 2%

Term 3: Pharmacology (15 decks)

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