Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Term 3: Pharmacology > Immunopharmacology > Flashcards

Immunopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What does our body produce in an emergency?
(plasma levels go up)

 A.   Insulin
 B.  Growth hormone
 C.  Epinephrine
 D.  Cortisol
 E.  Epinephrine & Cortisol
 F.  IL-6 (Interleukin-6)
A

E. Epinephrine & Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does Diphenhydramine (benadryl) causes sedation and Fexofenadine not? (both are antihistamines)

A
  • Diphenhydramine enters the CNS

- histamine in CNS controls alertness and keep s us awake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do steroids inhibit phospholipase A2?

A
  • they increase lipocortin synthesis

- lipocortin inhibits phospholipase A2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which one of these anti-asthma drugs
work ONLY prophylactically?

  A.  Albuterol (beta 2 agonist)
  B.  Cromolyn sodium
  C.  Ipratropium (muscarinic blocker)
  D.  Montelukast (Leukotriene antagonist)
  E.  Theophylline
A

B. Cromolyn sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which one of these drugs is a non-sedating anti-histamine?

 A.  Fexofenadine (Allegra)
 B.  Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
 C.  Chlopromazime (Phenergan)
 D.  Metoclopramide (Reglan)
 E.  Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
 F.  Loratadine (Claritin)
A

A. Fexofenadine (Allegra)

&

F. Loratadine (Claritin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment for Bell’s Palsy?

A
  • oral prednisone

* palsy usually due to viral infection causing inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for multiple sclerosis?

A

-steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sirolimus (also known as Rapamycin) works:

A. By inhibiting mTOR & arresting late phase of T cell activation
B. Inhibits calcineurin by binding to Cyclophilin
C. Inhibits calcineurin by binding to FKBP
D. Inhibits calcium entry into T cells
E. Inhibits dephosphorylation of transcription factor NFATc

A

A. By inhibiting mTOR & arresting late phase of T cell activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which one of the following drugs is most likely to
be specific against B lymphocytes?

A.  Sirolimus
B.  Tacrolimus
C.  Cyclosporine
D.  Etanercept (Enbrel)
E.  Anti-CD19/20 MABs
F.  Prednisone
A

E. Anti-CD19/20 MABs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-inflammatory steroids, like prednisone, are very commonly
prescribed to suppress inflammation.
The mechanism by which Prednisone works is:

A. Activation of Phospholipase A2 by binding to lipocortin
B. Inhibition of lipoxygenase by binding to lipocortin
C. Inhibition of Phospholipase A2 by binding to lipocortin
D. By increasing the levels of arachidonic acid
E. By decreasing synthesis of IF-kB protein

A

C. Inhibition of Phospholipase A2 by binding to lipocortin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What receptors do antihistamines work on in mast cells and what do they do?

A
  • H2

- prevents degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Diphenhydramine?

A
  • Benadryl
  • Antihistamine
  • affects CNS = drowsiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is promethazine?

A
  • Phenergan
  • antihistamine
  • used more as an anti-emetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two first generation antihistamines?

A
  • diphenhydramine (benadryl)

- promethazine (phenergan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two second generation antihistamines?

A
  • Fexofenadine (allegra)

- Loratadine (claritin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is fexofenadine?

A
  • allegra
  • antihistamine
  • low CNS penetration, less sedating
17
Q

What is loratadine?

A
  • Claritin
  • Antihistamine
  • Low CNS penetration, less sedating
18
Q

What is zileuton?

A
  • lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor

- inhibits leukotriene synthesis

19
Q

WHat is Montelukast?

A
  • Blocks leukotriene receptors

- used to treat allergies

20
Q

What is cromolyn sodium?

A
  • stabilizes mast cell membrane

- inhibits mast cell degranulation

21
Q

What is chloroquine?

A
  • anti-malarial drug

- treats HA & lupus

22
Q

What is Aathioprine?

A
  • purine structural analog
  • decreases purine levels
  • inhibits rapidly dividing cells
23
Q

What is Mycophenolate?

A
  • inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
  • lowers GTP & dGTP levels
  • inhibits rapidly dividing cells
24
Q

What is Leflunomide?

A
  • Inhibits pyrimidine biosynthesis

- inhibits rapidly dividing cells

25
Q

What is Cyclophosphamide?

A
  • used in autoimmune diseases with unwanted B cell responses as well as cancer
  • blocks DNA replication & induces cell death by apoptosis
  • Highly toxic
26
Q

Mycophenolate mechanism of action is:

A. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, lowers purine levels
B. Gets incorporated into nucleic acids
C. Lowers pyrimidine nucleotide levels
D. Inhibits IMP dehydogenase, lowers dGTP levels

A

D. Inhibits IMP dehydogenase, lowers dGTP levels

27
Q

What does Calcineurin do?

A
  • dephosphorylates inactive NFATc which activates it

- NFATc then signals the nucleus of the T cell

28
Q

What is another name for Rapamycin?

A

-Sirolimus

29
Q

How does Cyclosporine inhibit calcineurin?

A

-binds cyclophilin

30
Q

How does Tacrolimus inhibit calcineurin?

A

-Binds FKBP

31
Q

What does Adalimumab do?

A
  • Humira
  • fully human monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha
  • downregulates immune system
32
Q

What does Etanercept do?

A
  • Enbrel
  • recombinant fully human soluble TNF-alpha receptor
  • Binds to circulating and membrane-bound TNF and prevents binding & activation by other pro-inflammatory cytokines

Term 3: Pharmacology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions