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Term 3: Pharmacology > Drug List > Flashcards

Drug List Flashcards

1
Q

Isotritinoin

A

-Acne (Accutane)

  • alters gene expression
  • causes birth defects
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2
Q

Zidovudine (ZVT)

A

-Antiviral

  • Inhibits DNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase
  • chain terminator
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3
Q

Hydroxyurea

A
  • Sickle Cell Anemia

- Increased expression of Fetal Hg

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4
Q

Allopurinol

A
  • Gout

- Inhibits xanthine oxidase, decreasing plasma uric acid levels

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5
Q

Imatinib (Gleevec)

A

CML

-Inhibits rogue kinase

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6
Q

Methotrexate

A

-anti-cancer agent

  • inhibits DHFR
  • Decreased synthesis of nucleotides
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7
Q

Fluroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

A
  • antibiotic

- Inhibits bacterial Gyrase

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8
Q

Metronidazole

A

-Antibiotic

  • Treats bacterial and parasitic infections
  • Disrupt DNA synthesis
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9
Q

Tetracycline

A
  • Antibiotic

- inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

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10
Q

Rifamycin (Rifampin)

A
  • Antibiotic
  • Anti TB
  • Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
  • *also inhibits mitochondrial RNA polymerase!!
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11
Q

Cortisone/Cortisol

A

-Anti-inflammatory

  • Inhibits Arachidonic acid pathway
  • made by adrenal cortex
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12
Q

Fluticasone

A
  • Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis, Allergic rhinitis

- Steroid anti-inflammatory

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13
Q

Prednisone

A
  • Anti-inflammatory

- inhibits phospholipase A2, decreasing prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis

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14
Q

Cyclosporine

A
  • prevents rejection of transplanted organs

- inhibits helper T cell activation via calcineurin

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15
Q

Tacrolimus

A
  • prevents rejection of transplanted organs

- inhibits helper T cell activation via calcineurin

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16
Q

Rapamycin

A
  • Prevent rejection of transplanted organs
  • for coating stents inserted into cardiac vasculature

-Inhibit helper T cell activation via mTOR pathway

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17
Q

Folate/Folic Acid

A
  • Macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia

- Needed for DNA synthesis

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18
Q

Iron

A
  • Microcytic anemia

- Required for assembling hemoglobin

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19
Q

Vitamin B12

A
  • Macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia
  • treats neuropathy due to B12 deficiency

-needed for DNA synthesis

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20
Q

Erythropoietin

A

-For Kidney problems after chemotherapy

-Promotes RBC formation
=growth factor for RBCs

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21
Q

Glucagon

A

-Peptide released by alpha cells of pancreas

  • Hunger signal
  • promotes gluconeogenesis
  • **Antidote to treat overdose of beta blockers
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22
Q

Insulin

A

-peptide released by beta cells of pancreas

  • promotes transport of nutrients into cells
  • promotes growth
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23
Q

Growth Hormone

A
  • promotes growth

- prevents protein degradation

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24
Q

Leptin

A

-Satiety signal
(leptin deficient mice are obese)
-No success in human trials

-Released by adipocytes

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25
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A
  • increases Serum Ca2+ levels
  • Lowers serum phosphate levels

-Secreted by parathyroid glands

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26
Q

Calcitonin

A
  • Decreases both serum Ca2+ and Phosphate levels
  • stimulates osteoblasts

-secreted by parafollicular cells of thyroid

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27
Q

Vitamin D

A
  • Increases absorption of Ca2+ and Phosphate

- Steroid hormone, fat soluble vitamin

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28
Q

Vitamin K

A

-Deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding time
(inability to clot)

-Involved in activation of blood clotting factors

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29
Q

Heparin (**parin)

A

=Anticoagulant

-Activates Anti-thrombin

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30
Q

Aspirin

A
  • Prolongs bleeding time
  • treats fever, pain, and inflammation
  • Irreversible Cox 1 & 2 inhibitor
  • fewer prostaglandins made
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31
Q

Warfarin

A

=coumadin

  • Anticoagulant
  • Vitamin K antagonist
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32
Q

Clopidogrel

A

=Plavix

  • Anticoagulant
  • Irreversible inhibitor of ADP receptors on platelets
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33
Q

Acetominophen

A

-Pain reliever & fever reducer

  • Inhibits Cox 1 & 2
  • fewer prostaglandins made
  • CNS preference
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34
Q

Ibuprofen

A

-pain reliever, reduce fever, & anti-inflammatory

  • Inhibits COX
  • NSAID
  • Fewer prostaglandins made
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35
Q

Indomethacin

A

-pain reliever, reduce fever, & anti-inflammatory

  • NSAID
  • Inhibits COX
  • Fewer prostaglandins produced
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36
Q

Codeine

A
  • Narcotic pain reliever

- works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)

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37
Q

Morphine

A
  • Narcotic pain reliever

- works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)

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38
Q

Heroin

A
  • Narcotic pain reliever, addictive

- works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)

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39
Q

Loperamide

A

=Imodium

-Common anti=diarrheal drug

  • Slows down peristalsis (opioid)
  • stays in GI tract
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40
Q

Naloxone

A
  • Treat opioid overdose

- Opioid antagonist

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41
Q

Metformin

A

-Type 2 diabetes

  • Insulin sensitizer
  • main target: Liver
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42
Q

Sulfonyl ureas

A

-Diabetes

  • Close K+ channels in B cells of pancreas
  • depolarize and release more insulin
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43
Q

Acarbose

A
  • Type 2 diabetes

- inhibits amylase in GI tract = reduced carb absorption

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44
Q

Statins (**statin)

A

-Lowers cholesterol

  • Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
  • inhibits cholesterol synthesis
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45
Q

Orlistat (Alli)

A

-weight loss

  • inhibits intestinal lipase
  • decrease lipid absorption in GI tract
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46
Q

Fibrates

A
  • Decrease plasma lipid levels

- Activates lipoprotein lipase

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47
Q

Ezetimibe

A
  • treats hyperlipidemia

- Prevents cholesterol absorption in intestine

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48
Q

Niacin

A
  • treats hyperlipidemia

- inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase

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49
Q

Probucol

A

-treats hyperlipidemia

-prevents oxidation of LDL
poorly understood

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50
Q

Omeprazole

A

=Prilosec

  • Decrease acid secretion
  • Irreversible Proton pump inhibitor
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51
Q

Climetidine (–tidine)

A
  • Decrease acid secretion

- H2 blocker

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52
Q

Misoprostol

A

-Treat adverse GI effects of NSAIDs

  • PGE2 analog
  • decreases acid secretion
  • promotes mucous secretion
53
Q

Disulfram

A

-Treats alcololism

  • inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
  • acetaldehyde accumulations promote nausea and vomiting
54
Q

Raloxifene

A

-Treats osteoporosis

  • estrogen agonist in bone, antagonist in breast
  • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator
55
Q

Ibandronate (–dronate)

A
  • treats osteoporosis

- Decrease osteoclast activity

56
Q

Bethanechol

A
  • Treats urinary retention

- Cholinergic Agonist

57
Q

Carbachol

A
  • Treats glaucoma
  • constrict pupil during surgery

-Cholinergic agonist

58
Q

Pilocarpine

A
  • treats glaucoma
  • Dry mouth (Sjogren’s Syndrome)

-Muscarinic agonist

59
Q

Edrophonium

A
  • Used to test for myastenia gravis
  • short half life (minutes)

-Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor

60
Q

Neostigmine

A

-Treats myasthenia gravis

  • Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
  • *works peripherally
61
Q

Pyridostigmine

A
  • treats myasthenia gravis

- Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor

62
Q

Physostigmine

A
  • enters CNS
  • Treats Atropine overdose

-Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor

63
Q

Donepezil

A
  • treats alzheimers

- acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor

64
Q

Atropine

A
  • treats organophosphate poisoning
  • decreases secretions during surgery

-Muscarinic blocker, enters CNS

65
Q

Scopalamine

A
  • Prevents motion sickness

- muscarinic blocker, enters CNS

66
Q

Ipratropium

A
  • Treats COPD & Asthma

- muscarinic blocker, prefers lungs

67
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A
  • decreases secretions in surgery
  • given with neostigmine when waking pt up from surgery (prevents bradycardia)
  • Muscarinic blocker
  • *does not cross blood-brain barrier
68
Q

Pralidoxime (PAM)

A
  • antidote to organophosphates/nerve gas

- recovers acetylcholine esterase activity if given early enough

69
Q

Organophosphates

A
  • used in insectisides & nerve gas

- irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase

70
Q

Sarin

A
  • used in nerve gas

- irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase

71
Q

Echothiophate

A
  • Treats glaucoma

- Irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase

72
Q

Succinylcholine

A
  • relax muscles during surgery

- depolarizing NMJ blocker

73
Q

Curare

A

-non depolarizing NMJ blocker

74
Q

Gallamine

A
  • muscle relaxant

- non-depolarizing NMJ blocker

75
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A
  • Cosmetic use
  • focal dystonias
  • strabismus

-Cleaves SNAP-25, inhibit vesicular release of ACh

76
Q

Dantroline

A
  • treat malignant hyperthermia

- inhibits Ca release from SR

77
Q

Isoproterenol

A
  • CHF & other heart problems

- nonselective beta agonist

78
Q

Dopamine

A

=intropin

-preserve renal blood flow but increase CO

-Dose dependent
Low = D1
Moderate = B1
High = a1

79
Q

Epinephrine

A

-all alpha and Beta receptors

80
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • all alpha receptors

- only B1 receptor

81
Q

Phenylephrine

A
  • emergency anti-hypotensive

- alpha-1 agonist

82
Q

Terazosin

A
  • treats hypertension

- alpha-1 blocker

83
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A
  • treats pheochromocytoma

- irreversible alpha-1 blocker

84
Q

Tamsulosin

A
  • treats BPH

- alpha-1 blocker

85
Q

Clonidine

A
  • emergency anti-hypertensive

- alpha-2 agonist

86
Q

alpha-methyldopa

A

-anti-hypertensive for pregnancy

  • prodrug
  • alpha-2 agonist
87
Q

Yohimbine

A
  • treats erectile dysfunction??
  • no, i don’t think so

-alpha-2 blocker

88
Q

Dobutamine

A
  • treats heart failure

- beta-1 agonist

89
Q

Propanolol

A
  • treat heart arrhythmias & hypertension

- Nonselective beta blocker

90
Q

Labetalol

A
  • anti-hypertensive

- alpha 1 and Beta blocker

91
Q

Carvedilol

A
  • Anti-hypertensive

- alpha 1 & Beta blocker

92
Q

Albuterol

A

***terol

  • Asthma/COPD
  • Beta 2 agonist
93
Q

Ritodrine

A
  • premature uterine contractions

- B2 agonist

94
Q

Theophylline

A
  • Bronchodilator
  • Inhibits cAMP PDE in lungs

**LOW therapeutic index

95
Q

Tyramine

A
  • rich in wines & Cheese
  • precursor to NE
  • Contraindicated in patients taking MAO-I’s
96
Q

Ephedrine

A
  • treats hypotension (anesthesia)

- indirect adrenergic agonist

97
Q

Amphetamine

A
  • Concentration = Adderall

- increase release of DA from VTA neurons

98
Q

Methylphenidate

A

=Ritalin

99
Q

COMT inhibitor

A
  • treats parkinson’s
  • increases catecholamines
  • inhibits COMT
100
Q

MAO Inhibitor

A
  • treats parkinson’s
  • increases catecholamines (Dopamine)
  • inhibits MAO
101
Q

Cocaine

A
  • drug of abuse

- inhibits reuptake of DA, 5-HT, and NE

102
Q

Tricyclics

A
  • anti-depressants

- inhibits reuptake of NE and 5-HT

103
Q

SSRI’s

A

Anti-dipressants

  • inhibits reuptake of 5-HT
  • adrenergic side effects
104
Q

Diazepam

A

**zepam

  • anti-anxiety
  • Increase Cl- current
105
Q

Lidocaine

A

**caine

  • Local anesthetic
  • blocks Na channels
106
Q

Histamine

A

-local vasodilator

107
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

=benadryl

  • Treats allergies
  • H1 blocker
108
Q

Cimetidine

A

**tidine

  • Reduce acid secretion
  • H2 blocker
109
Q

Adenosine

A

-Local vasodilator

**half life of seconds

110
Q

Endothelin

A
  • constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure

- Synergistic with RAAAs pathway

111
Q

Nifedipine

A
  • ***dipine
  • Anti-hypertensive
  • Blocks Calcium channels (more so in vasculature than cardiac)
112
Q

Verapamil

A
  • anti-hypertensive

- blocks calcium channels (more so in cardiac than vasculature)

113
Q

Hydralazine

A

-HTN & heart failure

Arterial vasodilator

-opens K+ channels

114
Q

Minoxidil

A
  • topical for hair growth
  • Atrial vasodilator
  • opens K+ channels
115
Q

Digitalis/Digoxin

A

-Inotrope for heart failure

  • inhibits Na/K pump, increasing cytosolic Ca levels
  • increases contractility & CO
116
Q

Milrinone

A

**none

  • Treats hearth failure
  • cAMP PDE inhibitor
117
Q

Sildenafil

A

**afil (viagra)

-cGMP PDE5 inhibitor

118
Q

Aldosterone

A

-retain Na+

119
Q

Spiranolactone

A
  • K+ Sparing diuretic

- aldosterone antagonist

120
Q

ADH

A

-retains water

121
Q

Renin

A
  • activates RAAAs pathway

- peptide hormone

122
Q

Aliskiren

A
  • Anti-hypertensive

- inhibits Renin

123
Q

Angiotensin II

A
  • Raise BP

- RAAAs pathway

124
Q

Bradykinin

A
  • vasodilator, lowers BP

- Antagonistic to RAAs

125
Q

ANF/ANP

A
  • diuretic

- antagonistic to RAAs

126
Q

Furosemide

A

=Lasix

  • Treats edema & CHF
  • Loop Diuretic
127
Q

Chlorothiazide

A
  • Treats hypertension

- Thiazide diuretic, works in DCT

128
Q

Lisinopril

A

*****pril

  • Treats hypertension
  • ACE inhibitor
129
Q

Losartan

A

**sartan

  • Treats hypertension
  • ARB = Angiotensin Receptor Blocker

Term 3: Pharmacology (15 decks)

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