Drug List Flashcards
Isotritinoin
-Acne (Accutane)
- alters gene expression
- causes birth defects
Zidovudine (ZVT)
-Antiviral
- Inhibits DNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase
- chain terminator
Hydroxyurea
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Increased expression of Fetal Hg
Allopurinol
- Gout
- Inhibits xanthine oxidase, decreasing plasma uric acid levels
Imatinib (Gleevec)
CML
-Inhibits rogue kinase
Methotrexate
-anti-cancer agent
- inhibits DHFR
- Decreased synthesis of nucleotides
Fluroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
- antibiotic
- Inhibits bacterial Gyrase
Metronidazole
-Antibiotic
- Treats bacterial and parasitic infections
- Disrupt DNA synthesis
Tetracycline
- Antibiotic
- inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Rifamycin (Rifampin)
- Antibiotic
- Anti TB
- Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
- *also inhibits mitochondrial RNA polymerase!!
Cortisone/Cortisol
-Anti-inflammatory
- Inhibits Arachidonic acid pathway
- made by adrenal cortex
Fluticasone
- Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis, Allergic rhinitis
- Steroid anti-inflammatory
Prednisone
- Anti-inflammatory
- inhibits phospholipase A2, decreasing prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis
Cyclosporine
- prevents rejection of transplanted organs
- inhibits helper T cell activation via calcineurin
Tacrolimus
- prevents rejection of transplanted organs
- inhibits helper T cell activation via calcineurin
Rapamycin
- Prevent rejection of transplanted organs
- for coating stents inserted into cardiac vasculature
-Inhibit helper T cell activation via mTOR pathway
Folate/Folic Acid
- Macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia
- Needed for DNA synthesis
Iron
- Microcytic anemia
- Required for assembling hemoglobin
Vitamin B12
- Macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia
- treats neuropathy due to B12 deficiency
-needed for DNA synthesis
Erythropoietin
-For Kidney problems after chemotherapy
-Promotes RBC formation
=growth factor for RBCs
Glucagon
-Peptide released by alpha cells of pancreas
- Hunger signal
- promotes gluconeogenesis
- **Antidote to treat overdose of beta blockers
Insulin
-peptide released by beta cells of pancreas
- promotes transport of nutrients into cells
- promotes growth
Growth Hormone
- promotes growth
- prevents protein degradation
Leptin
-Satiety signal
(leptin deficient mice are obese)
-No success in human trials
-Released by adipocytes
Parathyroid Hormone
- increases Serum Ca2+ levels
- Lowers serum phosphate levels
-Secreted by parathyroid glands
Calcitonin
- Decreases both serum Ca2+ and Phosphate levels
- stimulates osteoblasts
-secreted by parafollicular cells of thyroid
Vitamin D
- Increases absorption of Ca2+ and Phosphate
- Steroid hormone, fat soluble vitamin
Vitamin K
-Deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding time
(inability to clot)
-Involved in activation of blood clotting factors
Heparin (**parin)
=Anticoagulant
-Activates Anti-thrombin
Aspirin
- Prolongs bleeding time
- treats fever, pain, and inflammation
- Irreversible Cox 1 & 2 inhibitor
- fewer prostaglandins made
Warfarin
=coumadin
- Anticoagulant
- Vitamin K antagonist
Clopidogrel
=Plavix
- Anticoagulant
- Irreversible inhibitor of ADP receptors on platelets
Acetominophen
-Pain reliever & fever reducer
- Inhibits Cox 1 & 2
- fewer prostaglandins made
- CNS preference
Ibuprofen
-pain reliever, reduce fever, & anti-inflammatory
- Inhibits COX
- NSAID
- Fewer prostaglandins made
Indomethacin
-pain reliever, reduce fever, & anti-inflammatory
- NSAID
- Inhibits COX
- Fewer prostaglandins produced
Codeine
- Narcotic pain reliever
- works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)
Morphine
- Narcotic pain reliever
- works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)
Heroin
- Narcotic pain reliever, addictive
- works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)
Loperamide
=Imodium
-Common anti=diarrheal drug
- Slows down peristalsis (opioid)
- stays in GI tract
Naloxone
- Treat opioid overdose
- Opioid antagonist
Metformin
-Type 2 diabetes
- Insulin sensitizer
- main target: Liver
Sulfonyl ureas
-Diabetes
- Close K+ channels in B cells of pancreas
- depolarize and release more insulin
Acarbose
- Type 2 diabetes
- inhibits amylase in GI tract = reduced carb absorption
Statins (**statin)
-Lowers cholesterol
- Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
- inhibits cholesterol synthesis
Orlistat (Alli)
-weight loss
- inhibits intestinal lipase
- decrease lipid absorption in GI tract
Fibrates
- Decrease plasma lipid levels
- Activates lipoprotein lipase
Ezetimibe
- treats hyperlipidemia
- Prevents cholesterol absorption in intestine
Niacin
- treats hyperlipidemia
- inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase
Probucol
-treats hyperlipidemia
-prevents oxidation of LDL
poorly understood
Omeprazole
=Prilosec
- Decrease acid secretion
- Irreversible Proton pump inhibitor
Climetidine (–tidine)
- Decrease acid secretion
- H2 blocker
Misoprostol
-Treat adverse GI effects of NSAIDs
- PGE2 analog
- decreases acid secretion
- promotes mucous secretion
Disulfram
-Treats alcololism
- inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
- acetaldehyde accumulations promote nausea and vomiting
Raloxifene
-Treats osteoporosis
- estrogen agonist in bone, antagonist in breast
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator
Ibandronate (–dronate)
- treats osteoporosis
- Decrease osteoclast activity
Bethanechol
- Treats urinary retention
- Cholinergic Agonist
Carbachol
- Treats glaucoma
- constrict pupil during surgery
-Cholinergic agonist
Pilocarpine
- treats glaucoma
- Dry mouth (Sjogren’s Syndrome)
-Muscarinic agonist
Edrophonium
- Used to test for myastenia gravis
- short half life (minutes)
-Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Neostigmine
-Treats myasthenia gravis
- Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
- *works peripherally
Pyridostigmine
- treats myasthenia gravis
- Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor
Physostigmine
- enters CNS
- Treats Atropine overdose
-Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Donepezil
- treats alzheimers
- acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor
Atropine
- treats organophosphate poisoning
- decreases secretions during surgery
-Muscarinic blocker, enters CNS
Scopalamine
- Prevents motion sickness
- muscarinic blocker, enters CNS
Ipratropium
- Treats COPD & Asthma
- muscarinic blocker, prefers lungs
Glycopyrrolate
- decreases secretions in surgery
- given with neostigmine when waking pt up from surgery (prevents bradycardia)
- Muscarinic blocker
- *does not cross blood-brain barrier
Pralidoxime (PAM)
- antidote to organophosphates/nerve gas
- recovers acetylcholine esterase activity if given early enough
Organophosphates
- used in insectisides & nerve gas
- irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase
Sarin
- used in nerve gas
- irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase
Echothiophate
- Treats glaucoma
- Irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
Succinylcholine
- relax muscles during surgery
- depolarizing NMJ blocker
Curare
-non depolarizing NMJ blocker
Gallamine
- muscle relaxant
- non-depolarizing NMJ blocker
Botulinum Toxin
- Cosmetic use
- focal dystonias
- strabismus
-Cleaves SNAP-25, inhibit vesicular release of ACh
Dantroline
- treat malignant hyperthermia
- inhibits Ca release from SR
Isoproterenol
- CHF & other heart problems
- nonselective beta agonist
Dopamine
=intropin
-preserve renal blood flow but increase CO
-Dose dependent
Low = D1
Moderate = B1
High = a1
Epinephrine
-all alpha and Beta receptors
Norepinephrine
- all alpha receptors
- only B1 receptor
Phenylephrine
- emergency anti-hypotensive
- alpha-1 agonist
Terazosin
- treats hypertension
- alpha-1 blocker
Phenoxybenzamine
- treats pheochromocytoma
- irreversible alpha-1 blocker
Tamsulosin
- treats BPH
- alpha-1 blocker
Clonidine
- emergency anti-hypertensive
- alpha-2 agonist
alpha-methyldopa
-anti-hypertensive for pregnancy
- prodrug
- alpha-2 agonist
Yohimbine
- treats erectile dysfunction??
- no, i don’t think so
-alpha-2 blocker
Dobutamine
- treats heart failure
- beta-1 agonist
Propanolol
- treat heart arrhythmias & hypertension
- Nonselective beta blocker
Labetalol
- anti-hypertensive
- alpha 1 and Beta blocker
Carvedilol
- Anti-hypertensive
- alpha 1 & Beta blocker
Albuterol
***terol
- Asthma/COPD
- Beta 2 agonist
Ritodrine
- premature uterine contractions
- B2 agonist
Theophylline
- Bronchodilator
- Inhibits cAMP PDE in lungs
**LOW therapeutic index
Tyramine
- rich in wines & Cheese
- precursor to NE
- Contraindicated in patients taking MAO-I’s
Ephedrine
- treats hypotension (anesthesia)
- indirect adrenergic agonist
Amphetamine
- Concentration = Adderall
- increase release of DA from VTA neurons
Methylphenidate
=Ritalin
COMT inhibitor
- treats parkinson’s
- increases catecholamines
- inhibits COMT
MAO Inhibitor
- treats parkinson’s
- increases catecholamines (Dopamine)
- inhibits MAO
Cocaine
- drug of abuse
- inhibits reuptake of DA, 5-HT, and NE
Tricyclics
- anti-depressants
- inhibits reuptake of NE and 5-HT
SSRI’s
Anti-dipressants
- inhibits reuptake of 5-HT
- adrenergic side effects
Diazepam
**zepam
- anti-anxiety
- Increase Cl- current
Lidocaine
**caine
- Local anesthetic
- blocks Na channels
Histamine
-local vasodilator
Diphenhydramine
=benadryl
- Treats allergies
- H1 blocker
Cimetidine
**tidine
- Reduce acid secretion
- H2 blocker
Adenosine
-Local vasodilator
**half life of seconds
Endothelin
- constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure
- Synergistic with RAAAs pathway
Nifedipine
- ***dipine
- Anti-hypertensive
- Blocks Calcium channels (more so in vasculature than cardiac)
Verapamil
- anti-hypertensive
- blocks calcium channels (more so in cardiac than vasculature)
Hydralazine
-HTN & heart failure
Arterial vasodilator
-opens K+ channels
Minoxidil
- topical for hair growth
- Atrial vasodilator
- opens K+ channels
Digitalis/Digoxin
-Inotrope for heart failure
- inhibits Na/K pump, increasing cytosolic Ca levels
- increases contractility & CO
Milrinone
**none
- Treats hearth failure
- cAMP PDE inhibitor
Sildenafil
**afil (viagra)
-cGMP PDE5 inhibitor
Aldosterone
-retain Na+
Spiranolactone
- K+ Sparing diuretic
- aldosterone antagonist
ADH
-retains water
Renin
- activates RAAAs pathway
- peptide hormone
Aliskiren
- Anti-hypertensive
- inhibits Renin
Angiotensin II
- Raise BP
- RAAAs pathway
Bradykinin
- vasodilator, lowers BP
- Antagonistic to RAAs
ANF/ANP
- diuretic
- antagonistic to RAAs
Furosemide
=Lasix
- Treats edema & CHF
- Loop Diuretic
Chlorothiazide
- Treats hypertension
- Thiazide diuretic, works in DCT
Lisinopril
*****pril
- Treats hypertension
- ACE inhibitor
Losartan
**sartan
- Treats hypertension
- ARB = Angiotensin Receptor Blocker