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Mycology > Poisonous Shrooms > Flashcards

Poisonous Shrooms Flashcards

1
Q

‘What is NAMA

A
  • mushroom poisoning case registry

- data on aroudn 4000 incidents

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2
Q

What country has started state supported ID services

A

France

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3
Q

What can affect a mushrooms toxicity (besides species)

A
  • individual susceptibility (honey fungus 1/10 get sick)

- Habitat induced differences

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4
Q

Which groups of poisonous mushrooms are associated with fatalities

A
  • Amanitin (causes 95% of fatalities, 50% of serious poisonings)
  • Gyromitirin
  • Orellanine
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5
Q

Which genera are associated with Group 1 amanitin poisoning

A

-Basidiocarps of Amanita, Galerina, Lepiota

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6
Q

What toxins are associated with group 1 Amanitin

A
  • Amatoxins - 8 AA molecuels, 9 different amatoxins

- Phallotoxins - 7 AA molecules, 7 different phallotoxins

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7
Q

Describe the toxin MOLECULES in Amanitin

A
  • cyclopeptides

- AA in double ring

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8
Q

Meixner test

A
  • Squash mushroom in newspaper
  • Dry
  • add concentrated HCL
  • Watch for color change (blue)
  • High levels of amatoxin induce color change in 1-2 minutes
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9
Q

Stages of symptoms after consuming A. virosa and A. phalloides

A
  • Latent period (6-24 hrs)
  • Violent vomiting, diarrhea lasting 24 hrs
  • Breif remission of symtoms (honeymoon period)
  • Collapse of organs, leading to coma and death 6-8 days after consumption
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10
Q

Bastien treatment

A
  • Dr. Bastien ate deathcap, took 65g of A. phalloides and survived
  • intravenous vitamin C, 2 capsules nifuroxazide, 2 tables of dihydrostreptomycin
  • controls fluid and electrolyte balance
  • successfully treated 15 cases
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11
Q

What species is associtated with Group 2 Gyromitrin poisoning

A
  • Gyromitra esculenta

- false morel, some consider edible

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12
Q

Gyromitra esculenta poisoning

A
  • 2 -4% of all fatal mushroom poisonings

- gyromitrin becomes hydrolized to rocket fuel

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13
Q

Symptoms of gyromitrin poisoning

A
  • appears after 2-12 hrs
  • bloated feeling followed by nausea, diarrhea, cramps
  • Faintness, loss of muscular control
  • coma and death after 2-7 days
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14
Q

Treatment for gyromitrin poisoning

A

-pyroxine hydrochloride

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15
Q

What species are associated with Group 3, Orellanine posioning

A
  • Cortinarius orellanus
  • C. orellanoides
  • C. rainierensis
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16
Q

Symptoms of Group 3, Orellanine poisioning

A
  • latent period 10-17 days
  • intense thirst, burning drying of mouth
  • nausea, vomiting
  • kidney failure, 100-200g is enough to cause complete kidney failure
17
Q

What happened in Poland in 1957

A
  • 132 people poisoned by Orellanine

- 19 died

18
Q

What species is associated with Group 4, Coprine poisoning

A
  • Coprinus atramentarius

- toxin only poisonous when mixed with alcohol 5 days before/after consumption

19
Q

Symptoms of Group 4, Coprine poisoning

A
  • similar to hangover
  • hot flushes
  • metallic taste
  • headache
20
Q

What species are associated with group 5 Muscarine poisoning

A
  • Clitocybe dealbata

- Inocybe geophylla

21
Q

What does muscarine poisoning do

A
  • stimulates exocrine glands

- PSL syndrome

22
Q

Symptoms of Group 5 muscarine poisoning

A
  • construction of pupils
  • blurred vision
  • muscle spasms
  • slow heart beat
23
Q

What species is associated with Group 6, Ibotenic Acid-Muscimol poisoning and symptoms

A
  • Aminita muscaria
  • muscle spasms, deep sleep
  • hyperactivity, altered perception of reality
24
Q

What species are associated with Group 7 Psilocybin-Psilcon poisoning

A
  • Psilovybe, Panaeolus, Conocybe

- psychoactive principles are indole alkaloids

25
Q

What species are associated with Group 8 Gastro-intestinal irritants

A
  • Grab bag group
  • Not fully understood
  • few fungi clearly identified
26
Q

What are the 4 basic patterns of poisoning?

A
  • toxins that cause extensive cell destruction, overt symptoms only following delay (amanitin, orellanine, MMH)
  • toxins causing symptoms either as soon as absorbed or when appropriate substrate enters system (coprine)
  • toxins acting on CNS causing symptoms immediately (muscimol, psilocybin)
  • undetermined toxins acting in alimentary canal

Mycology (19 decks)

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