Poison_Electrolytes_Rheum_UW Flashcards
Mechanism of iron poisoning
Creates free radicals, lipid peroxidation, which impairs various cell processes, leading to systemic manifestations => abdominal pain, hematemesis, shock and metabolic acidosis.
Antidote for iron poisoning
Deferoxamine - binds ferric iron, can be excreted in the urine.
Antidote for TCA and aspirin overdose
Sodium bicarbonate
Mag sulfate is used for
Patients with torsades induced by prolonged QT interval
TOC for lithium toxicity
Hemodialysis
Lead poisoning treatment?
Calcium EDTA = lead chelator in moderate to severe lead poisoning. Oral succimer can be used for mild or moderate lead poisoning.
Abnormal values of lead must be confirmed by?
Venous blood draw.
What is used to treat cardiotoxicity (>100msec) and ventricular arrythmias
Sodium bicarbonate. Allevaites inhibitory action of TCA on sodium channels of the myocardium, improves hypotension and decreases risk of ventricular arrythmias.
What are used to treat seizures from tCA overdose
Benzodiazepines
How is elemental iron toxic?
Corrosive to GI mucosa, causes abdominal pain, n/v/d and hematemesis within 30 minutes to 6 hours of ingestion. Severely affected patients can develop hypotensive shock and anion gap metabolic acidosis. They can develop respiratory alkalosis to compensate. risk of gastric scarring and pyloric stenosis within 2-8 weeks.
Diagnostic findings of iron toxicity
Anion gap metabolic acidosis and radioopagque pills
Tx for iron toxicity
Deferoxamine, whole bowel irrigation, supportive
Olive shaped mass
Pyloric stenosis
What is a common cause of cystitis in young children?
Constipation. Constipation - rectal distension, presses on the bladder which prevents complete voiding. Residual urine is a breeding ground for bacteria.
What is the most common type of elbow fracture in children
supracondylar humerus fracture. Occurs in 2-12 year olds. Typical hx is falling onto an extended arm.
What does X-ray show for supracondylar humerus fracture
triangular anterior fat pad (lucency) and triangular posterior fat bad (lucency)
What is a dangerous complication of supracondylar fractures and how does it present?
Compartment syndrome. Characterized by severe pain, pallor, poikilothermia, parasthesias, and late findings of pulselessness and paralysis.
Signs and sx of hypernatremia
Mostly neurologic - letargy, ams, seizures, irritability. Can also cause muscle cramps, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes.
In patient with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, intermittent diarrhea and anaphylactic reaction, consider what immune problem?
IgA deficiency
Osteogenesis Imperfecta teeth
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta - opalescent blue-gray to yellow-brown teeth.discolored dentin shining through transluscent teeth
OI inheritence? Mutation fo which gene?
A/D. Mutation of COL1A1.
Type of OI
1 (Mild), 2 (fatal perinatal), 3 and 4 (moderate)
Borrelia burgdorferi is what kind of organism
Spirochete
Criteria for rhematic fever.
JONES - joints (migratory arthritis), heart (carditis), Nodules (subcutaneous), E (erythema marginatum), S sydenham chorea. Minor: fever, elevated CRP/ESR, prolonged PR interval, arthralgias.
