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Peds Shelf > Ophtho_Derm_Respiratory_UW_pretest > Flashcards

Ophtho_Derm_Respiratory_UW_pretest Flashcards

1
Q

Most common predisposing factor to orbital cellulitis

A

Bacterial sinuisitis

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2
Q

Gonococcal conjunctivitis aka

A

ophthalmia neonatorum

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3
Q

3 most common causes of conjunctivitis in neonates

A

Chemical, gonoccocal conjunctivitis, chlamydial

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4
Q

What day does chlaymdial conjunctivitis present and gonococcal conjnctivitivs

A

5-14 days; 2-5 days

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5
Q

Gonoccocal conjunctivitis can be prevented with?

A

Erythomycin ointment within 1 hour of birth.

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6
Q

Trachoma presentation

A

Follicular conjunctivitis and pannus (neovascularization) in the cornea

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7
Q

Ophtho exam for infants

A

Fixation and tracking

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8
Q

Ophtho exam for older infants and children

A

Strabismus

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9
Q

Viscual acuity testing for kids older than 3

A

Snellen letter chart

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10
Q

What is strabismus

A

Ocular misalignment

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11
Q

treatment of strabismus

A

Forced used of eye with defect. Cover normal eye, or put cyclopegic drops in normal eye (make it blurry)

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12
Q

Abnormal findings for strabismus

A

constant stabismus at any age, eye deviation after 4 months of age, asymmetry of corneal light reflexes, asymmetry intensity of red reflexes, deviation on cover test, torticollis or head lift

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13
Q

Erythema multiforme usually follows what kind of infection?

A

“Target” lesions. Follows herpes simplex infection.

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14
Q

Measles rash compared to rubella rash.

A

Measles tend to be more severe than rubella. Also a/w high fever (up to 104), coryza, and malaise.

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15
Q

Scarlet fever rash has what kind of texture

A

Sandpaper due to numerous tiny papules

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16
Q

Congenital rubella ppt?

A

sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability, cardiac anomalies, cataracts, glaucoma

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17
Q

Presentation of rubella in children?

A

low grade fever, cephalocaudal rash, blanching, maculopapular; conjunctivitis, coryza, cervical lypahdenopathy, Florscheimer spots

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18
Q

Dx of rubella

A

PCR, and acute serology of IgM and IgG

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19
Q

What is eczema herpeticum and presentation?

A

Form of primary herpes simplex virus infection a/w atopic dermatitis. Numerous vesicles over area of atopic dermatitis is typical.

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20
Q

How should eczema herpeticum in infants be treated?

A

Can be life threatening in infants. Treat with acyclovir.

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21
Q

Some infantile hemangiomas can be treated with?

A

beta blockers

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22
Q

Preferred initital treatment for tinea capitis

A

Oral griseofulvin

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23
Q

Tinea capitis is?

A

Superficial dermatophytosis that occurs commonly in children, especially african american.

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24
Q

What is erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN)

A

asymptomatic, blotchy, erythematous papules and pustules. Can change appearance. Occurs in first 2 weeks of life.

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25
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of what kind of hypersensitivity

A

Type IV which is aka cell-mediated, delayed-type

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26
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity

A

aka immediate hypersensitivity. IgE mediated. Allergen binds and cross-reacts with 2 IgE molecules attached to mast cell. Atopy, urticaria, anaphyslaxis

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27
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity.

A

aka antibody mediated hypersensitvity. Cytotoxic reactions involve specific reactions of IgG or IgM to cell-bound antigens. The antibodies then activiate complement resulting in cell damage. Example hemolytic anemia

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28
Q

Type 3 hypersensitvity

A

aka immune complex mediated hypersensitivity. Antibodies of IgM or IgG form complexes with antigens and nonspecifically activate the complement cascade and other inflammatory processes. Examples include serum sickness.

29
Q

HSV infection on face is usually where?

A

Orolabial region

30
Q

What are the most common causes of impetigo?

A

Staph aureus and streptococcus pyogenes

31
Q

Children with HSP have what kind of platelet count?

A

Normal

32
Q

SSSS caused by? Presentation?

A

Exfoliative toxin producing Staph aureus. Prodrome of fever, irritability, skin tenderness, followed by generalized erythema and superficial flaccid blisters with positive nikolsky sign. Scaling and desquamation follow. Before resolution of disease.

33
Q

What is torticollis

A

Twisting of the neck due to asymmetric muscle activity

34
Q

Most common cause of acquired torticollis

A

Upper respiratory infections, minor trauma, cervical lymphadenitis and retropharyngeal abscess.

35
Q

For kids presenting with torticollis what should be done?

A

Obtain cervical spine radiographs to rule out cervical spine fracture or dislocation

36
Q

Hereditary angioedema presentation

A

Rapid onset edema of face, acral extremities, genitals, trachea, and abdominal organs without urticaria.

37
Q

Hereditary angioedema is due to

A

Deficiency/dysfunction in C1 inhibitor which results in elevated levels of edema producing factors of C2b and bradykinin

38
Q

What is the most common cause of acquired angioedema

A

ACE inhibitor use which leads to elevated levels of bradykinin

39
Q

Steeple sign on xray

A

Croup

40
Q

Thumbprint sign and loss of varucellular space

A

Epligotittis

41
Q

1st priority in epligotittis

A

Secure the airway by endotracheal intubation in operating room. Keep child comfortable and calm.

42
Q

What is bronchiolitis

A

first episode of wheezing a/w URTI and signs of respiratory distress

43
Q

How does bronctiolitis present?

A

URTI sx, wheezing, coughing, fever, respiratory distress

44
Q

Neonates are vulnerable to what complications of bronchiolitis

A

Apnea and respiratory failure

45
Q

Chest x-ray findings for RDS?

A

Characteristic fine reticular granularity of the lungs.

46
Q

Treatment for RDS?

A

Assisted ventilaton - CPAP. In more severe cases, intubation and mechanical ventilation.

47
Q

CD19+ cells are?

A

B lymphocytes

48
Q

CD3+ cells are

A

T lymphocytes

49
Q

Risk factors for RDS

A

1) prematurity the most important. 2) male sex, perinatal asphyxia, maternal diabetes, C section without labor

50
Q

Laryngomalacia presentation

A

Inspiratory stridor, worse in supine position and with crying. Peaks at 4-8 months

51
Q

Laryngomalacia prognosis

A

Most resolve by 18 months.

52
Q

Dx of laryngomalacia

A

Clinical but direct visualizatin of laryngoscopy shows collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration.

53
Q

Erb duchenne / phrenic nerve paralysis during delivery results in what kind of chest finding on what imaging

A

Fluorscopy or U/S. shows asymmetric diaphragmatic motion of the chest in a seesaw manner. Chest xray can be normal or show elevated hemidiaphragm.

54
Q

What is diagnostic for CF?

A

Sweat chloride concentration of greather than 60mEq/L. Less than 40 are normal.

55
Q

Bronchiolitis commonly caused by

A

RSV, and also parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. Tx is generally supportive and condition is generally self limited.

56
Q

Lung empyema is characterized by what on x-ray

A

Nearly complete white out by pleural or extrapleural fluid collection. Pus in anatomical cavity is an empyema.

57
Q

Lung abscesses are generallyc aused by

A

Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes, strep pneumo

58
Q

How many weeks required before hypersensitivty to tuberculin develops?

A

3-8 weeks required. Therefore you TB test should be repeated in exposed persons if there is a negative reaction at the time the contact with source of infection is broen.

59
Q

Are small children with TB infectious?

A

Not usualy because TB is transferred by gram negative bacilli laden droplets are dispersed through the air. Small infants aren’t capable of coughin up and producing sputum. If produced, they swallow it back

60
Q

Standard treatment for TB?

A

Isoniazid and rifampin for 6 months, ethambutol and pyrazinamide for first 2 months.

61
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ppt/findings? Test?

A

may have findings that point to pneumonia like fever, respiratory distress, localized chest fidings. But hemoptysis can suggest pulmonary hemorrhage. Can find microcytic and hypochromic anemia, low serum iron levels, occult blood in stools from swalling pulmonary secretion. bronchoalveolar lavage will reveal hemosiderin laden macrophages.

62
Q

What is an uncommon but potentially life threatening sequale of viral croup?

A

Bacterial tracheitis.

63
Q

Bacterial tracheitis signs?

A

Biphasic stridor and high fever, after several days of viral URI symptos. Patients can also present acutely without the initial viral sx.

64
Q

Bacterial tracheitis management?

A

Endotracheal intubation and IV antibiotics.

65
Q

Failure to rinse mouth after inhaled steroids can lead to?

A

Thrush which is a localized candida infection

66
Q

Kartagener Syndrome

A

Triad of situs inversus, chronic otitis media and sinuisits, and airway disease

67
Q

What is congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and what are the radiographic findings

A

Thought to arise from embryonic disruption that causes improper development of bronchioles. Large lesions may compress the affected lungs and cause pulmonary hypoplasia and cause midline shift away from lesion. Tx is surgical excision of the affected lobe.

68
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess clinical ppt

A

Hx of pharyngitis, sore throat, refusal of food, drooling, abrupt fever, buldge in posterior pharyngeal wall is diagnostic as are lateral radiographs of the neck. Palpation reveals fluctuant mass

69
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal abscess located

A

Behind the posterior pharyngeal wall and in front of the prevertebral fascia

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