Genitourinary_UW_Pre-test

Question 1

RTA is caused by?

Answer 1

Unable to excrete H+ or reabsorb bicarbonate ions

Question 2

How does RTA present in infancy?

Answer 2

Failure to thrive and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 3

What is the treatment for infant RTA?

Answer 3

Oral bicarbonate replacement

Question 4

Pyuria?

Answer 4

> = 5 WBC/hpf

Question 5

What are indications for renal and bladder u/s in UTIs?

Answer 5

kids under 24 months that have first febrile UTI, recurrent febrile UTIs in children of any age, UTI in a child of any age with fam hx of renal disease, HTN or poor growth, children who don’t respond well to antibx

Question 6

Most common cause of nephrotic sydnrome in pre-adolescent children

Answer 6

Minimal change disease. Shows no change on histopathology. No findings in IF staining. EM: diffuse effacement of foot processes

Question 7

Neprhotic syndrome clinical PPT

Answer 7

Proteinuria (50mg/kg/day or 40mg/m^2/hr), hypoalbuminemaia, edema (1st sign, especially periorbital, and pretibial), hyperlipidemia, fatigue, abdominal pain

Question 8

Most common cause of secondary hypertension

Answer 8

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 9

Fibromuscular dysplasia physical findings?

Answer 9

Bruit or venous hum may be heard at CVA

Question 10

What does angiogram reveal for fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 10

“String of beads”

Question 11

Bedwetting is normal before age?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

What is the most common vaginal foreign body?

Answer 12

Toilet paper

Question 13

Best way to remove vaginal foreign body like toilet paper?

Answer 13

calcium alginate swab, irrigation with warmed fluids after topical anesthetic.

Question 14

Why is there polyuria in DM type 1

Answer 14

When renal threshold for glucose is reached, resultant glucosuria leads to osmotic diuresis, polyuria and dehydration

Question 15

Orchiopexy

Answer 15

Surgery to remove undescended testicle into scrotum and fix it there.

Question 16

Most common congenital anomaly of the gu tract?

Answer 16

Cryptorchidism

Question 17

Orchiopexy is done for cryptochidism to do what?

Answer 17

prevent testicular torsion, improve fertility, decrease testicular cancer.

Question 18

What are the complications of cryptochidism

Answer 18

Subfertility (low sperm count and quality), inguinal hernia, testicular torsion, testicular cancer

Question 19

Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn boys?

Answer 19

posterior uretrhal valves

Question 20

Definitive diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux is done by?

Answer 20

Contrast voiding cystourethrogram

Question 21

What infection is a/w membaous nephropathy

Answer 21

Hep B. Vaccination reduces this risk

Question 22

Membranous nephropathy is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in

Answer 22

Adolescents and adults

Question 23

What is the most common cause of isolated proteinuria in children?

Answer 23

Orthostatic protineuria. It can be caused by fever, exercise, seizures, stress or volume depletion.

Question 24

What should be repeated to rule out persistent proteinruia

Answer 24

repeat urine dipstick on two separate occasions

Question 25

Vesicoureteral reflux is a risk factor for?

Answer 25

Recurrent UTIs that lead to scarring

Question 26

Patients 2-24 months with UTI should undergo?

Answer 26

Renal and bladder ultrasound to look for anatomic abnormalities. Patients with recurrent UTIs should undergo VCUG

Question 27

What is prune belly syndrome?

Answer 27

Appears to be no genetic predisposition. Malformation that occurs mostly in males, lax abdominal wall, dilated urinary tract, intra-abdominal testiuclar tissue and can have significant urinary tract anomalies like renal dysfunction or dysplasia. Oligohydramnios and commonly a/ pulmonary complications.

Question 28

Goodpasture’s syndrome pathophys

Answer 28

Antibody against collagen in glomureular and alveolar BM - hematuria and hemoptysis, classically in young, adult males.

Question 29

Goodpasture’s syndomre dx suggested by what in sputum or pulmonary secretions?

Answer 29

Hemosidern laden macrophages on sputum or pulmonary secretions.

Question 30

What is the tx for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Answer 30

Maintenace of adequate fluid intake and diet, use of saluretic meds

Question 31

grade V VCUG requires what surgery

Answer 31

Surgical reimplantation of the ureter.

Question 32

Pain from testicular torsion radiates to

Answer 32

Abdomen

Question 33

What is acute lobar nephronia?

Answer 33

Middle of spectrum between renal abscess and pyelonephritis.

Question 34

How do you diagnose a lobar nephronia?

Answer 34

CT sacn but renal U/S can also work.

Question 35

Tx for lobar nephronia

Answer 35

Prolonged IV and PO antibiotics

Question 36

What does orchiopoexy do for a young child

Answer 36

Helps eliminate risk of torsion of the testis again.

Question 37

Majority of all cases of acute scrotal pain and swelling in boys 12 years of age and older are caused by

Answer 37

testicular torsion.

Question 38

How does epididymitis present?

Answer 38

Redness, warmth, and scrotal swelling but has normal cremastesric reflex. Also pain is posterior (over the epididymis)

Question 39

Varicocele is a common condition seen after what age

Answer 39

around 10

Question 40

What is a varicocele

Answer 40

Dilation of the pampiniform plexus due to valvular incompetence of the spermatic vein

Question 41

What is a hydrocele and how is it treated?

Answer 41

Accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis. Should resolve spontaneously within the first year of life.