GI_UW_pretest Flashcards
Mesenteric adenitis presents how?
RLQ pain, abdominal guarding, and tenderness
Recurrent self limiting episodes of V/N without an apparent cause with family hx of migraines suggests?
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Pyloric stenosis leads to what electrolyte derangement
Hypokalemia hyponatremia metabolic alkalosis
Tx for pyloric stenosis
IV rehydration, correction of electrolyte imbalances to reduce risk of post op apnea, and then pyloromyotomy
Pyloric stenosis found in what population and typically diagnosed when?
First born males. Diagnosed at ages 3-5 weeks.
What is the first line modality for ID-ing intususseption
U/S
What is the classic sign for intussusception on U/S?
Target sign
What are characteristic signs of biliary cysts?
Abdominal pain, jaundice, palpable mass. Majority of cysts present
Hirschsprung disease aka
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
Meconium ileus is pathognominic for
Cystic fibrosis
Hirschsprung is a/w which disorder?
Down syndrome
Primary diagnoses consideration in infant that fails ot pass meconium within 48 hours
Hirschsprung and meconium ileus
Why is there polyhydramnios with duodenal atresia
inability to swallow and remove amniotic fluid
What does x ray show for duodenal atresia
Air trapped in stomach, and duodenum => double bubble. No air in distal part of the GI tract.
Duodenal atresia is strongly a/w
Down Syndrome
What is a volvulus
Small bowel twists around the superior mesenteric artery resulting in vascular compromise to large portions of midgut
How does midgut volvulus usually present
What is the fastest and most accurate way to diagnose a volvulus?
Contrast in a corkscrew pattern => volvulus
What is the Ladd procedure
Fixing the bowel in a non-rotated position to minimize recurrent volvulus risk.
Pellagra classic ppt
Diarrhea, dermatitis dementia and if severe, death
Pellagra is due to deficiency in what?
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Riboflavin deficiency presentation
Cheilosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis (often affecting genital areas), pharyngitis and edema/erythema of the mouth
Pyridoxine deficiency is a known risk factor for?
Venous thromboembolic disease and atherosclerosis
What solution should be used for IV fluid resuscitation in children?
Isotonic crystalloid is the only crystalloid solution recommended - isotonic saline
Presentation of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Overgrowth disorder. PE = macrosomia, macroglossia, ompahlocele or umbilical hernia, hemihyperplasia.
What are the complications of Beckwith-Widemann
Wilms Tumor, hepatoblasoma
NEC presentation
Feeding intolerance, increased gastric residual volume, abdominal distension, bloody stools.
Risk factors for NEC
Prematurity,low birth weight, hypotension, congenital heart disease.
Hallmwark x-ray finding for NEC
Pneumostasis intestinalis and portal venis air
PE findings and X -ray findings for osteosarcoma
Large tender mass. X-ray finding: sun-burst periosteal pattern and “codman” triangle.
Lymphoblast histology/staining
Lack peroxidase positive material, often contain +PAS staining material, 95% immunostain for TdT. (TdT is only present in pre B and T lymphocytes)
Example of clotting disorders
Hemophilia A and B
Activated PTT time in hemophilias
Increased activated PTT