General Peds_Pretest Flashcards
Common pathogens that cause orbital cellulitis
mrsa strep species and haemophilus species
Scabies in older children and adults ppt
Threadlike burrows in interdigital areas, groin, elbows and ankles ; in infants pustules and bullae in areas not commonly found in adults
Hydrogen cyanide poisoning. Antidote?
Toxic colorless odorless liquid becomes a gas just above room temperature. Used as rodenticide and also Used in manufacturing process for synthetic fibers and plastic causes metabolic acidosis. Hydroxocobalamin is an approved antidote.
Diabetes dx criteria?
Fasting glucose level of above 126mg/dl, 2 hour plasma glucose of above 200 mg or diabetes sx plus random plasma glucose of above 200mg/dl
Another name for hsp
anaphylactoid purpura
Major morbidity of pauciarticular arthritis is
Chronic uveitis (anterior uveitis)
Human bites can be infected with?
Oral flora like staph aureus, strep viridans, eikenella corrodens and anaerobes.
Mgmt of human bites and drugs?
Debride and tx with amoxicillin clavulanate, ticarvillin clavulanate or amoxicillin sulbactam
Contraindication to vaccines in general and DTAP in particular?
Previous anaphylactic reaction and for dTAP: occurrence of encephalopathy within 7 days of administration
Tb meningitis PPT?
can linger for weeks unlike encephalopathy caused by epidural hematoma, herpes encephalitis or bacterial meningitis. First week is non specific sx and then second week is focal neurologic signs, seizures, hypertonicity, seizures etc. third stage is coma, htn, decompensation and death.
What is a cholesteotoma
Acquired or congenital. Epithelium lined sac filled with debris. Can present in children with recurrent otitis media or with chronically draining ear. Can gross massively and cause facial nerve damage, hearing loss and intracranial extension.
Antidote for arsenic poisoning
dmsa. Dimercaptosuccinic acid
Salmon patch aka
Nevus simplex . Nevus flammeus is port wine stain.
Sebaceous Nevus? What are they?
Small sharply edged lesions that occur mostly on head and neck of infants. These lesions are yellow orange in color and slightly elevated usually hairless malignant degeneration usually after adolescence is possible
Frost nip
Small white firm cold lesions in exposed areas. Treat by rewarming before becoming numb.
Frost bite
- tissue becomes frozen and destroyed. Initial stinging then aching followed by numb areas. Rewarming leads to pain redness and blotchiness.
Chilblains
small ulcerated lesions on exposed areas such as ears and fingers. Lasts 1-2 weeks.
Trench foot?
Foot becomes numb, cold, pale and edematous after exposure to cold and moisture.
Cold panniculitis
Destruction of fat cells because of the cold. Benign condition that self resolves
VACTERL pneumonic
Vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, te fistula, renal/radial defects and limb deformities. Intelligence normal.
Cri du chat ppt
Mental retardation, self injurious behavior, hypersensitivity to sounds, repetitive behavior, abnormal laryngeal development
Lead poisoning antidote
Severe: Calcium EDTA and dimercaprol. Mild: Oral dimercaptosuccinic acid or IV/IM calcium EDTA
Salicylate poisoning causes?
metabolic acidosis and then respiratory alkalosis. Excretion of salicylates in the urine can be enhanceddd by acetazolamide and IV sodium bicarbonate
Organophosphate insecticide poisoning MOA? Tx?
inhibit cholinesterases leading to high levels of acetylcholine. treat with atropine, which is an acetylcholine receptor antagonist prollowed by pralidoxime. Also wash insecticide, do gastric lavage, induce emesis.
Methanol toxicity induces? What is the tx for it?
Profound metabolic acidosis. Treatment includes emptying somach by emesis or gastric lavage, IV infusion of ethanol basically saturates the enzyyme systems so that the conversion to methanol to toxins is limited.
EPS caused by phenothiazines respond quickly to ?
Diphenhydramine
Antidote for too much iron -
Deferoxamine. Forms a complex with iron and gets excreted into urine.
Trichomonas Vaginalis PPT? and Tx?
Foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge. common STD. dysuria. Strawberry cervix. Treat with metronidazole
Giardia PPT and TX?
Fatty diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, foul smelling. Transmitted through cysts in water. treat with tinidazole (first line) or metronidazole (off label use)
Diphyllobothrium latum what is it? Tx?
Transmitted from larvae from freshwater fish. Treated with praziquantel. this is the largest tapeworm. presents with vitamin B12 deficiency because tapeworm competes for it.
What is Legg-Calves Perthes disease
Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head, avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Cause unkown. Most common in boys between 2-12 years of age. Classic presentation is a painless limp although there can be some pain in anterior thigh, groin or knee.
Use of ACE inhibitors during pregnancy have been a/w?
Renal dysgenesis, oligohydramnios and skull ossification defects.
What is ivermectin
Broad spectrum antiparasitic
