General Peds_Pretest

Question 1

Common pathogens that cause orbital cellulitis

Answer 1

mrsa strep species and haemophilus species

Question 2

Scabies in older children and adults ppt

Answer 2

Threadlike burrows in interdigital areas, groin, elbows and ankles ; in infants pustules and bullae in areas not commonly found in adults

Question 3

Hydrogen cyanide poisoning. Antidote?

Answer 3

Toxic colorless odorless liquid becomes a gas just above room temperature. Used as rodenticide and also Used in manufacturing process for synthetic fibers and plastic causes metabolic acidosis. Hydroxocobalamin is an approved antidote.

Question 4

Diabetes dx criteria?

Answer 4

Fasting glucose level of above 126mg/dl, 2 hour plasma glucose of above 200 mg or diabetes sx plus random plasma glucose of above 200mg/dl

Question 5

Another name for hsp

Answer 5

anaphylactoid purpura

Question 6

Major morbidity of pauciarticular arthritis is

Answer 6

Chronic uveitis (anterior uveitis)

Question 7

Human bites can be infected with?

Answer 7

Oral flora like staph aureus, strep viridans, eikenella corrodens and anaerobes.

Question 8

Mgmt of human bites and drugs?

Answer 8

Debride and tx with amoxicillin clavulanate, ticarvillin clavulanate or amoxicillin sulbactam

Question 9

Contraindication to vaccines in general and DTAP in particular?

Answer 9

Previous anaphylactic reaction and for dTAP: occurrence of encephalopathy within 7 days of administration

Question 10

Tb meningitis PPT?

Answer 10

can linger for weeks unlike encephalopathy caused by epidural hematoma, herpes encephalitis or bacterial meningitis. First week is non specific sx and then second week is focal neurologic signs, seizures, hypertonicity, seizures etc. third stage is coma, htn, decompensation and death.

Question 11

What is a cholesteotoma

Answer 11

Acquired or congenital. Epithelium lined sac filled with debris. Can present in children with recurrent otitis media or with chronically draining ear. Can gross massively and cause facial nerve damage, hearing loss and intracranial extension.

Question 12

Antidote for arsenic poisoning

Answer 12

dmsa. Dimercaptosuccinic acid

Question 13

Salmon patch aka

Answer 13

Nevus simplex . Nevus flammeus is port wine stain.

Question 14

Sebaceous Nevus? What are they?

Answer 14

Small sharply edged lesions that occur mostly on head and neck of infants. These lesions are yellow orange in color and slightly elevated usually hairless malignant degeneration usually after adolescence is possible

Question 15

Frost nip

Answer 15

Small white firm cold lesions in exposed areas. Treat by rewarming before becoming numb.

Question 16

Frost bite

Answer 16

• tissue becomes frozen and destroyed. Initial stinging then aching followed by numb areas. Rewarming leads to pain redness and blotchiness.

Question 17

Chilblains

Answer 17

small ulcerated lesions on exposed areas such as ears and fingers. Lasts 1-2 weeks.

Question 18

Trench foot?

Answer 18

Foot becomes numb, cold, pale and edematous after exposure to cold and moisture.

Question 19

Cold panniculitis

Answer 19

Destruction of fat cells because of the cold. Benign condition that self resolves

Question 20

VACTERL pneumonic

Answer 20

Vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, te fistula, renal/radial defects and limb deformities. Intelligence normal.

Question 21

Cri du chat ppt

Answer 21

Mental retardation, self injurious behavior, hypersensitivity to sounds, repetitive behavior, abnormal laryngeal development

Question 22

Lead poisoning antidote

Answer 22

Severe: Calcium EDTA and dimercaprol. Mild: Oral dimercaptosuccinic acid or IV/IM calcium EDTA

Question 23

Salicylate poisoning causes?

Answer 23

metabolic acidosis and then respiratory alkalosis. Excretion of salicylates in the urine can be enhanceddd by acetazolamide and IV sodium bicarbonate

Question 24

Organophosphate insecticide poisoning MOA? Tx?

Answer 24

inhibit cholinesterases leading to high levels of acetylcholine. treat with atropine, which is an acetylcholine receptor antagonist prollowed by pralidoxime. Also wash insecticide, do gastric lavage, induce emesis.

Question 25

Methanol toxicity induces? What is the tx for it?

Answer 25

Profound metabolic acidosis. Treatment includes emptying somach by emesis or gastric lavage, IV infusion of ethanol basically saturates the enzyyme systems so that the conversion to methanol to toxins is limited.

Question 26

EPS caused by phenothiazines respond quickly to ?

Answer 26

Diphenhydramine

Question 27

Antidote for too much iron -

Answer 27

Deferoxamine. Forms a complex with iron and gets excreted into urine.

Question 28

Trichomonas Vaginalis PPT? and Tx?

Answer 28

Foul smelling greenish vaginal discharge. common STD. dysuria. Strawberry cervix. Treat with metronidazole

Question 29

Giardia PPT and TX?

Answer 29

Fatty diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, foul smelling. Transmitted through cysts in water. treat with tinidazole (first line) or metronidazole (off label use)

Question 30

Diphyllobothrium latum what is it? Tx?

Answer 30

Transmitted from larvae from freshwater fish. Treated with praziquantel. this is the largest tapeworm. presents with vitamin B12 deficiency because tapeworm competes for it.

Question 31

What is Legg-Calves Perthes disease

Answer 31

Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head, avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Cause unkown. Most common in boys between 2-12 years of age. Classic presentation is a painless limp although there can be some pain in anterior thigh, groin or knee.

Question 32

Use of ACE inhibitors during pregnancy have been a/w?

Answer 32

Renal dysgenesis, oligohydramnios and skull ossification defects.

Question 33

What is ivermectin

Answer 33

Broad spectrum antiparasitic