Poetry analysis and terminology Flashcards
What is SPEC?
The template for analysing poetry:
1. Subject-matter: What event, situation, or experience does the poem describe or record?
2. Purpose: Also means theme or message of the poet. What is the poet’s purpose in writing this – what message does he/she want to communicate?
3. Emotion: What is the predominant emotion/feeling/mood of the poem? Does the mood change during the poem? What emotions or feelings does the poet seek to evoke in the reader?
4: Craftsmanship: Or technique: HOW does the poet achieve his/her effect? What specific techniques has he or she used in the making of this poem, and what is their effect? Under this category is SLIMS.
What is SLIMSS?
Falls under analysing poetry: craftsmanship. Stands for:
1. Structure
2. Language
3. Imagery
4. Movement
5. Sounds
6. Summary
Describe the first ‘S’ under SLIMSS.
STRUCTURE: How is the poem structured? Does it have a conventional structure such as sonnet, or an ode? Does it have stanzas with a regular number of lines, or any other interesting features of structural design?
Describe the ‘L’ under SLIMSS.
LANGUAGE: Is the language appropriate to the subject and/or theme? What effect does the language have on the poem’s achievement? What does the poet’s choice of words (diction) indicate about his/her attitude (tone) toward the poetic subject?
Describe the ‘I’ under SLIMSS.
IMAGERY: Are there any striking examples of similes, metaphors, personifications or symbols in the poem? What is their effect?
Describe the ‘M’ under SLIMSS.
MOVEMENT: Or rhythm: Does the poem have a regular (slow or fast) rhythm? What is the effect of any rhythmic qualities? Enjambment? Consider punctuation − how does a lack of punctuation affect rhythm?
Describe the second ‘S’ under SLIMSS.
SOUNDS: Does the poem have any significant sound features? Is it musical/lyrical? Does the poet use
onomatopoeia, alliteration, or assonance? Does the poem rhyme? What are the effects of these features of sound on the achievement of the poem?
Describe the last ‘S’ under SLIMSS.
Summary : What is the impact of the whole poem for you? How successful is it as a work of art? Does it successfully achieve the poet’s purpose?
What is metre?
The number of stresses, beats, or feet in a line of poetry. For example, iambic pentameter.
What is iambic pentameter?
The rising rhythm of two syllables. For example:
shall I comPARE thee TO a SUMmer’s DAY?
(caps=long beat, no caps= short)
Where can iambic pentameter commonly be found?
In Shakespearean sonnets.
What is a 14 line poem called?
A sonnet.
What does a sonnet consist of? What types of sonnets are there?
Sonnets are lyrical poems made up of 14 lines. Sonnets depend on a definitive rhyme scheme. There are two types - a Petrarchan/italian sonnet (broken into an octave, which poses a problem, and a sestet which resolves it) and a Shakespearean sonnet (3 quatrains and a final couplet).
How is an Italian/Petrarchan sonnet structured?
14 lines total. First, an octave (rhyme scheme ABBA ABBA) that poses a problem. Then a sestet (CDDCEF) that provides a solution.
How is a Shakespearean sonnet structured?
14 lines total. First, 3 quatrains (ABAB CDCD EFEF) and then a rhyming couplet (GG).
What are the two forms of poetry?
Narrative poetry and lyrical poetry.
Give detail on narrative poetry.
Narrative poetry tells a story. It usually has a beginning, a middle, a climax and a conclusion. Direct and narrated speech usually make up the form of this poem. Narrative poetry was often composed to record historical, political, and family events.
What types of narrative poems are there?
- The Ballad
- The Epic
- The Allegory
- Dramatic Monologue
Give detail on the ballad.
It is the oldest form of narrative verse. At one stage it was sung to the accompaniment of a lyre. The subject matter usually involves love, death, war, bravery, adventure and action, The rhythm has a strong beat.
Give detail on the epic.
A long, narrative poem telling the story of a historical figure or event. It has been referred to as a ‘novel in verse.’ Famous examples include Homer’s ‘The Odyssey’ and ‘The Iliad.’
Give detail on the allegory.
An allegory is a narrative poem that often appears in the form of an extended metaphor. It conveys a hidden moral meaning.
Give detail on the dramatic monologue.
The dramatic monologue is spoken in first person (mono = one). The speaker addresses an invisible recipient(s). From his words we often learn more about the speaker than was intended. It is a narrative poem.
What types of lyrical poems are there?
- Sonnets (Shakespearean and Petrarchan)
- The Ode
- The Elegy
- Modern Sonnets
Give detail on the Ode.
The Ode is an address or tribute in praise of something. It is a lyrical poem describing the personal feelings of the poet, originally sung as an accompaniment to a Greek dance.
Give detail on the Elegy.
A reflective poem or lament often dealing with topics such as death or mourning.
Give detail on Modern Sonnets
Sonnets that often combine elements from both Italian/Petrarchan and Shakespearean sonnets.
What are the poems we studied this term?
- The tenant
- Touch
- Remember
- Ozymandias
What is the Ozymandias about? Who is the poet?
- poet is Percy Bysshe Shelley.
- Speaks to the fragility of life and reputations, as well as the temporary life of power.
- THe poem is about a traveler who encounters the remains of a once-great statue in the desert, highlighting the inscription that boasts of the ruler’s power, while the surrounding emptiness emphasizes the decay and insignificance of his empire.
- 3 characters: the speaker, the traveller and Ozymandias.
What is the format of Ozymandias?
- Mixture of a Petrarchan and shakespearean sonnet
- It uses an allegory/extended metaphor that allows the poem to be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning.
What is Remember about?
- Poet is Christina Rosetti
- The speaker asks a loved one to remember her after she has passed away, but also urges them not to feel sorrow if they cannot, emphasizing the enduring bond of love even in death.
- Speaks to the idea of permanent separation
- Themes of love and loss, memory and forgetting, mortality and death
What is the format of Remember?
- Uses a refrain - lyrical like, has a chorus
- Iambic pentameter: usually seen in Shakespearean sonnets, but this is Petrarchan sonnet. THe pentameter mimics a heartbeat, reflecting themes of love
- Tone is solemn, contemplative, melancholic. Later accepting
