Pocket Prep Mock Exam Flashcards

Question

Which of the following is often true of middle children, according to Adler? Middle children are often pampered or coddled Middle children generally "drop out" of family dynamics Middle children are often in competition with older children Middle children generally do not compete with older siblings

Answer 1

Correct answer: Middle children are often in competition with older children Alfred Adler analyzed families and arrived at many conclusions regarding the personality of children according to birth order. His assessment of middle children is that they are often in competition with older siblings and are driven to excel in order to surpass them. Middle children do not generally "drop out" and are not often pampered or coddled, according to Adler.

Answer 2

Correct answer: Yes, in some circumstances In some cases, training can raise an IQ score; keep in mind that the assertion is that the person can learn skills which can raise their score, not that their brain has changed per se. This ability to change is not dependent on an IQ breakpoint of 75.

Answer 3

Correct answer: Partner A in a marriage communicates badly, resulting in partner B becoming hostile and communicating badly In general, the notion of reciprocal causality in a relationship such as a marriage suggests that one party does not simply create behavior that influences another; rather, it suggests that human interactions of whatever kind involve a circular or reciprocal causality, as in this example.

Answer 4

Correct answer: It involves lower cost Managed care firms who broker health insurance plans like the more time-limited, solution-focused modes of treatment as they involve fewer sessions and less cost. The interest from the managed care perspective is not about equity per se.

Answer 5

Correct answer: Being oneself in the therapeutic context Genuineness refers to the ability of a counselor to, within the structure of a therapeutic context with its various demands of ethics and procedure, remain themselves. This approach is associated with better therapeutic outcomes. The concept does not refer to authoritarianism, authoritativeness, or expertise.

Answer 6

Correct answer: An organizational setting Consultants, though they are sometimes used in clinical settings for specific purposes, are much more likely to lend their efforts to work in organizational settings, or in situations where broader organizational issues are the focus. Reference: Encyclopedia of Counseling: Master Review and Tutorial for the National Counselor Examination, State Counseling Exams, and the Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination, 4th Edition. Pg 253. An outpatient clinic

Answer 7

Correct answer: Canada The manner and content of communication changes according to culture. In low-context communication, a direct, explicit message is expected. This way of communication, broadly speaking, is more common in the U.S., the U.K., and Canada. In high-context communication, much of the message is implicit and depends on context. This is the communicative style more common in the Middle East, Italy, Spain, and many Asian countries.

Answer 8

Correct answer: Gestalt therapy Particularly if practiced as originally conceived by its founder Fritz Perls, Gestalt therapy can be considered fairly confrontational to clients. Gestalt concentrates on "here-and-now" awareness of self in hopes of increasing both psychological and bodily awareness. The other schools of therapy mentioned would not necessarily confront clients in treatment in the same direct way.

Answer 9

Correct answer: Psychotropic drugs are not the answer William Glasser's Reality therapy is controversial for many reasons. It stresses personal responsibility for mental wellness, taking issue with many of the ways mental illness is categorized, diagnosed, and treated. One of its more remarkable positions is its stance on psychotropic medication, which essentially amounts to saying that psychotropic medication is not a realistic answer to personal problems.

Answer 10

Correct answer: Questions that ask clients when they are not experiencing their issue of concern An "exception question" is often asked in brief therapy so that a counselor can know when a client is not experiencing their issue of concern. Such a question could be something like, "When are you not anxious?" The technique puts attention on the fact that the client is not always in a state of dysfunction. Such questions are not meant to distract or elicit information about the client's major issue of concern, but when it is not experienced.

Answer 11

Correct answer: A client request Clients should be made aware that there are times when their right to confidentiality may be at risk. Most often, these necessary breaches take place in the context of a court case, or cases of homicide or suicide. The legal system in its various forms may require records, and according to the local procedure, a counselor will likely have to comply. A client's request for their own records is rarely going to violate that client's confidentiality.

Answer 12

Correct answer: No, the counselor should not present as a professional According to Carl Rogers' person-centered counseling, the counselor's affect and presentation are key to therapeutic effort. Within this school of counseling, genuineness and acceptance of the client are stressed, with the counselor's professional expertise not being presented as openly as in other styles of therapy.

Answer 13

Correct answer: These relationships result in harm in most cases Though relationships between clients and counselors that are romantic, sexual, or violate other boundaries are classified as dual relationships and are forbidden according to various ethical codes, it is not generally understood that these relationships result in actual harm to clients in most cases, many times due to the fact that counseling generally stops when the sexual relationship begins. Though it is impossible to speak in absolutes, this harm is one of many reasons such relationships are prohibited.

Answer 14

counseling? Lack of efficacy Physical safety Lack of competence Lack of confidentiality Correct answer: Lack of confidentiality The main ethical risk involved in group counseling is that confidentiality cannot be guaranteed. This is, unfortunately, a feature of the group process. Physical safety concerns, a lack of competence, and a lack of efficacy are not usual features of a group process.

Answer 15

Correct answer: As an obsessive-compulsive or related disorder Hair-pulling (trichotillomania) is classified as an obsessive-compulsive or related disorder in the DSM-5.

Answer 16

Correct answer: Yes, in a healthy therapeutic group, roles often change In counseling groups, roles can often change. In fact, when group members can change roles—for instance, roleplaying various parts in a group member's situational or therapeutic issue—this often leads to better therapeutic outcomes. In general, roles are not fixed in healthy therapeutic groups.

Answer 17

Correct answer: More patients can be served at the same time Group therapy is considered highly effective both in terms of efficacy and cost. Essentially, a single therapist can serve more people, providing them therapeutic gain in a context that is more economical than serving single patients. Group therapy is variably reimbursable and resource-heavy in practice.

Answer 18

Correct answer: The notion that issues have multiple origins in family systems In family therapy, the notion of circular causality highlights the idea that, in a family system, presenting issues are often multifaceted and complicated, particularly with respect to their origins. By contrast, linear causality would assume a straight-line progression of causality with easily identifiable antecedents. The term does not refer to passing issues from one member to another, rumination, or self-contemplation.

Answer 19

Correct answer: Experiencing the client's point of view Accurate empathy refers to the ability of the counselor to experience the client's point of view in terms of their actual experience in feeling and cognition. The stress is on the client's point of view rather than the counselor's. The concept does not refer to simply expressing concern or its evidence, nor does it refer to protecting the client from harmful information per se.

Answer 20

Correct answer: It treats symptoms but not causes Behavior therapy, in its many forms as descended from the work of B. F. Skinner, does seem to have a good track record of proven results in treating various issues. However, in directly addressing specific behaviors and treating them, it tends to ignore the inner life of the person and therefore can be said to treat symptoms of problems rather than causes of those problems (as in more insight-oriented psychotherapy).

Answer 21

Correct answer: No, group modalities are generally unsuitable for persons in crisis Crisis is a time-limited state in which normal states of stress are elevated. In general, groups are not suitable for persons in crisis, as the individual nature of any crisis forces a client's attention inward. In addition, the problem solving aspect of an individual's response to crisis requires much individual attention. This does not change if the group concentrates on the individual. Rather than causing harm, group modalities for persons in crisis simply do not provide the kind of clinical attention that would be the most useful.

Answer 22

Correct answer: How did that make you feel? An open-ended question is one that is asked without a specific answer in mind. It is often used in person-centered and other kinds of counseling where a subjective account of the client's experience is desirable. The other questions are not open-ended, as they seek a specific answer.

Answer 23

Correct answer: Conformity Human groups, in whatever context, form in various stages. Clinical counseling groups follow these norms, including their negative aspects, such as groupthink and conformity. Thus, too much unity can prevent individual group members from speaking out, or can enforce tacit norms that have not been part of the clinical design of the group. The other items are not considered downsides to group unity commonly found in therapeutic groups.

Answer 24

Correct answer: Behaving like one's true self Congruence, a term first used in this respect by Carl Rogers, suggests that counselors should attempt to behave like their true selves as much as possible in an attempt to lend genuineness to the therapeutic process and remove affectations that distract from the work at hand. The other items relate to some of the ethics of the profession at large, but are not definitions of congruence.

Answer 25

Correct answer: Being able to help a client Competence can mean various things when applied to specific client groups, but in general, being competent means being able to help a client. This involves having the right qualifications, experience, and ability sufficient to meet the client's need. It also reflects the counselor's wellness and fitness for their job.

Answer 26

Correct answer: A person with a fear of spiders Implosive therapy involves the client imagining a feared stimulus in the safe setting of the counselor's office. It is used to address fear on the part of clients, and would therefore be appropriate to a person with a fear of spiders. As fear is not the major issue, it would not benefit as a service those who are experiencing delusions, those with substance use problems, or a person with bipolar disorder.

Answer 27

Correct answer: By putting the client in a position of power Carl Rogers founded the school of psychotherapy known by various names as "person-centered" or "client-centered," which explicitly puts the client in a position of power in knowing and managing their own issues in collaboration with a therapist. By doing so, Rogerian perspectives aid in treatment planning by enabling more than passive participation on the part of clients. Rogerian perspectives do not encourage the client to be passive, and though these approaches might decrease fear and increase rapport, they aid in treatment planning by granting the client a sense of power in the therapeutic relationship.

Answer 28

Correct answer: The surface meaning or events in a dream According to Sigmund Freud, dreams have two types of content; latent content, which is the hidden meaning behind the events of a dream; and manifest content, which is the more available, surface meaning or plot of a dream. The terms do not refer to physical sensations experienced in a dream.

Answer 29

Correct answer: 30% of divorced persons remarry within a year of divorce According to statistics, about 30% of divorced persons remarry within a year of their divorce.