POB ch 6

Question 1

Kinetic energy

Answer 1

energy in motion

Question 2

Potential energy

Answer 2

stored energy

Question 3

Chemical Energy

Answer 3

food energy

Question 4

Mechanical energy

Answer 4

movement

chemical –>mechanical

Question 5

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

law of conservation of energy

-energy cannot be created of destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another

Question 6

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 6

-energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of unstable energy

Question 7

Entropy!!!!

Answer 7

the relative amount of disorganization in the universe

Question 8

clean bedroom example

Answer 8

• more organized
• more potential
• less stable

Question 9

dirty bedroom example

Answer 9

• less organized
• less potential
• more stable

Question 10

enzyme

Answer 10

speeds up a chemical reaction, not used up by the reaction

Question 11

metabolism

Answer 11

the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell; breaking down and building up of molecules

Question 12

catabolism

Answer 12

breaking down of molecules

Question 13

anabolism

Answer 13

building up molecules in a reaction

Question 14

free energy

Answer 14

the amount of energy available that is still “free” to do work

Question 15

exergonic reactions

Answer 15

spontaneous and release energy

Question 16

endergonic

Answer 16

require an input of energy

Question 17

structure of ATP

Answer 17

nitrogen containing base
5 carbon sugar ribose
3 phosphate groups

Question 18

functions of ATP

Answer 18

chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work

Question 19

coupled reactions

Answer 19

energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction

Question 20

metabolic pathway

Answer 20

series of linked reactions where reactions occur

Question 21

substrate

Answer 21

the reactants in an enzymatic reaction

Question 22

energy of activation

Answer 22

the energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another

Question 23

Enzymes ____ the amount of energy required for activation to occur

Answer 23

lower

Question 24

active site

Answer 24

the part that complexes with the substrate; they fit together like lock and key!!!

Question 25

induced fit model

Answer 25

change in the shape of an enzyme's active site that enhances the fit between the active site and the substrates

Question 26

factors affecting enzymatic speed

Answer 26

- substrate concentration: enzyme increases as substrate concntration increases - temp: temp increases enzyme activity increases - ph: enzyme has a preferred ph at which the rate of reaction is the highest - enzyme activation: occurs in many different ways, - enzyme inhibition: occurs when the substrate is unable to bind to the active site of an enzyme - (feedback inhibition) : products bind to active site or other sire that change the shape of an active site - enzyme cofactors: inorganic ion or nonprotein organic molecules that assist in a reaction

Question 27

cofactors

Answer 27

inorganic ions such as copper, zinc, or iron that assist the enzyme

Question 28

coenzyme

Answer 28

organic, nonprotein molecules (Vitamins)