POB ch 6 Flashcards
Kinetic energy
energy in motion
Potential energy
stored energy
Chemical Energy
food energy
Mechanical energy
movement
chemical –>mechanical
First Law of Thermodynamics
law of conservation of energy
-energy cannot be created of destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another
Second Law of Thermodynamics
-energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of unstable energy
Entropy!!!!
the relative amount of disorganization in the universe
clean bedroom example
- more organized
- more potential
- less stable
dirty bedroom example
- less organized
- less potential
- more stable
enzyme
speeds up a chemical reaction, not used up by the reaction
metabolism
the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell; breaking down and building up of molecules
catabolism
breaking down of molecules
anabolism
building up molecules in a reaction
free energy
the amount of energy available that is still “free” to do work
exergonic reactions
spontaneous and release energy
endergonic
require an input of energy
structure of ATP
nitrogen containing base
5 carbon sugar ribose
3 phosphate groups
functions of ATP
chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work
coupled reactions
energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction
metabolic pathway
series of linked reactions where reactions occur
substrate
the reactants in an enzymatic reaction
energy of activation
the energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another
Enzymes ____ the amount of energy required for activation to occur
lower
active site
the part that complexes with the substrate; they fit together like lock and key!!!
induced fit model
change in the shape of an enzyme’s active site that enhances the fit between the active site and the substrates
factors affecting enzymatic speed
- substrate concentration: enzyme increases as substrate concntration increases
- temp: temp increases enzyme activity increases
- ph: enzyme has a preferred ph at which the rate of reaction is the highest
- enzyme activation: occurs in many different ways,
- enzyme inhibition: occurs when the substrate is unable to bind to the active site of an enzyme
- (feedback inhibition) : products bind to active site or other sire that change the shape of an active site
- enzyme cofactors: inorganic ion or nonprotein organic molecules that assist in a reaction
cofactors
inorganic ions such as copper, zinc, or iron that assist the enzyme
coenzyme
organic, nonprotein molecules (Vitamins)
