POB ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of _____

A

carbon

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2
Q

isotopes

A

same number of protons, diff number of neutrons

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3
Q

low radiation using radioactive isotopes

A

x-rays

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4
Q

right radiation using radioactive isotopes

A

longer shelf life (kills bacteria), sterilizing medical tools, chemo to kill cancer cells

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5
Q

properties of water due to H bonding

A
  • high heat capacity (takes a lot of energy to change temp.)
  • high heat of vaporization (takes a lot of energy to change phases)
  • solvent
  • cohesive/adhesive
  • frozen vs liquid
  • hydrophobic and hydrophilic
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6
Q

is frozen water less dense or more dense?

A

frozen water is less dense

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7
Q

hydrophilic

A

water loving

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8
Q

hydrophobic

A

doesn’t like water

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9
Q

polar covalent bond

A

unequal sharing

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10
Q

non polar covalent

A

equal sharing

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11
Q

cohesive

A

water molecules cling together and bubble up (throw water @ window)

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12
Q

adhesive

A

water’s + and - poles allow it to stick to polar surfaces (spread out, jump into pool, molecules cling to your clothes)

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13
Q

acid

A

below 7; acidic solutions have high H+ concentrations

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14
Q

base

A

above 7; basic solutions have low H+ concentrations

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15
Q

buffer

A

neutralize, trying to keep you at the 7 range

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16
Q

the stronger the force between molecules in a liquid, the greater the ______

A

surface tension

17
Q

monomer

A

single structure

18
Q

polymer

A

multiple monomers

19
Q

dehydration reaction

A

removing water

20
Q

hydrolysis

A

adding water

21
Q

organic molecules contain

A

C and H (CH4)

  • dont have to ONLy contain C and H
  • C6H12O6
22
Q

isomers

A

organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

23
Q

H- bonds

A

easily broken, hydrogen atoms attached to oxygen atoms
slightly (-) oxygen attracts to slightly (+) hydrogen; wear individually but strong together
-intermolecular forces (between molecules)
-

24
Q

what are the 4 types of macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

25
lactose vs lactase
Lactose: a sugar in milk ("ose"=sugar) Lactase: an enzyme that breaks down lactose ("ase"=enzyme) Lactose intolerant people don't produce the lactase enzyme needed to break down sugar
26
ionic bonding
transfer of electrons
27
what are functional groups and what are the ones?
bonded atoms that always react in the same way!!! Can change the FUNCTION of a molecules - hydroxyl group (alcohol) ((OH-) - amino group (-NH2) - methyl group (-CH3)
28
properties of carbon
- can form and hold 4 separate bonds at any time - v v stable when it has 4 bonds - basis for organic material