POB ch 2

Question 1

life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of _____

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

isotopes

Answer 2

same number of protons, diff number of neutrons

Question 3

low radiation using radioactive isotopes

Answer 3

x-rays

Question 4

right radiation using radioactive isotopes

Answer 4

longer shelf life (kills bacteria), sterilizing medical tools, chemo to kill cancer cells

Question 5

properties of water due to H bonding

Answer 5

• high heat capacity (takes a lot of energy to change temp.)
• high heat of vaporization (takes a lot of energy to change phases)
• solvent
• cohesive/adhesive
• frozen vs liquid
• hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Question 6

is frozen water less dense or more dense?

Answer 6

frozen water is less dense

Question 7

hydrophilic

Answer 7

water loving

Question 8

hydrophobic

Answer 8

doesn’t like water

Question 9

polar covalent bond

Answer 9

unequal sharing

Question 10

non polar covalent

Answer 10

equal sharing

Question 11

cohesive

Answer 11

water molecules cling together and bubble up (throw water @ window)

Question 12

adhesive

Answer 12

water’s + and - poles allow it to stick to polar surfaces (spread out, jump into pool, molecules cling to your clothes)

Question 13

acid

Answer 13

below 7; acidic solutions have high H+ concentrations

Question 14

base

Answer 14

above 7; basic solutions have low H+ concentrations

Question 15

buffer

Answer 15

neutralize, trying to keep you at the 7 range

Question 16

the stronger the force between molecules in a liquid, the greater the ______

Answer 16

surface tension

Question 17

monomer

Answer 17

single structure

Question 18

polymer

Answer 18

multiple monomers

Question 19

dehydration reaction

Answer 19

removing water

Question 20

hydrolysis

Answer 20

adding water

Question 21

organic molecules contain

Answer 21

C and H (CH4)

• dont have to ONLy contain C and H
• C6H12O6

Question 22

isomers

Answer 22

organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 23

H- bonds

Answer 23

easily broken, hydrogen atoms attached to oxygen atoms
slightly (-) oxygen attracts to slightly (+) hydrogen; wear individually but strong together
-intermolecular forces (between molecules)
-

Question 24

what are the 4 types of macromolecules

Answer 24

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 25

lactose vs lactase

Answer 25

Lactose: a sugar in milk (“ose”=sugar)
Lactase: an enzyme that breaks down lactose (“ase”=enzyme)
Lactose intolerant people don’t produce the lactase enzyme needed to break down sugar

Question 26

ionic bonding

Answer 26

transfer of electrons

Question 27

what are functional groups and what are the ones?

Answer 27

bonded atoms that always react in the same way!!! Can change the FUNCTION of a molecules

• hydroxyl group (alcohol) ((OH-)
• amino group (-NH2)
• methyl group (-CH3)

Question 28

properties of carbon

Answer 28

• can form and hold 4 separate bonds at any time
• v v stable when it has 4 bonds
• basis for organic material