POB ch 2 Flashcards
life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of _____
carbon
isotopes
same number of protons, diff number of neutrons
low radiation using radioactive isotopes
x-rays
right radiation using radioactive isotopes
longer shelf life (kills bacteria), sterilizing medical tools, chemo to kill cancer cells
properties of water due to H bonding
- high heat capacity (takes a lot of energy to change temp.)
- high heat of vaporization (takes a lot of energy to change phases)
- solvent
- cohesive/adhesive
- frozen vs liquid
- hydrophobic and hydrophilic
is frozen water less dense or more dense?
frozen water is less dense
hydrophilic
water loving
hydrophobic
doesn’t like water
polar covalent bond
unequal sharing
non polar covalent
equal sharing
cohesive
water molecules cling together and bubble up (throw water @ window)
adhesive
water’s + and - poles allow it to stick to polar surfaces (spread out, jump into pool, molecules cling to your clothes)
acid
below 7; acidic solutions have high H+ concentrations
base
above 7; basic solutions have low H+ concentrations
buffer
neutralize, trying to keep you at the 7 range
the stronger the force between molecules in a liquid, the greater the ______
surface tension
monomer
single structure
polymer
multiple monomers
dehydration reaction
removing water
hydrolysis
adding water
organic molecules contain
C and H (CH4)
- dont have to ONLy contain C and H
- C6H12O6
isomers
organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures
H- bonds
easily broken, hydrogen atoms attached to oxygen atoms
slightly (-) oxygen attracts to slightly (+) hydrogen; wear individually but strong together
-intermolecular forces (between molecules)
-
what are the 4 types of macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
lactose vs lactase
Lactose: a sugar in milk (“ose”=sugar)
Lactase: an enzyme that breaks down lactose (“ase”=enzyme)
Lactose intolerant people don’t produce the lactase enzyme needed to break down sugar
ionic bonding
transfer of electrons
what are functional groups and what are the ones?
bonded atoms that always react in the same way!!! Can change the FUNCTION of a molecules
- hydroxyl group (alcohol) ((OH-)
- amino group (-NH2)
- methyl group (-CH3)
properties of carbon
- can form and hold 4 separate bonds at any time
- v v stable when it has 4 bonds
- basis for organic material
