ch 3- Eukaryotic cells Flashcards
what 4 things are composed of eukaryotic cells
animals, plants, fungi, and protists
organelles
sub cellular strutures that preform a particular function
cell wall
plants, fungi, and some protests (NOT IN ANIMAL)
composition: contains polysaccharides
- function: support anf protection
plasma membrane:
composition: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
function: defines cell boundary, regulates molecules passage in and out of cell
nucleus
composition: nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleoli
function: storage of genetic materials, synthesis of DNA and RNA
nuclear envelope:
- 2 layers
- double lipid bilayer
nuclear pores
-holes in membrane
chromatin
- uncoiled chromosomes
- DNA and Protein
nucleolus
RNA, protein, and ribosomes (unfinished, being made)
Ribosomes
composition: protein and 2 RNA subunit
function: protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
studded with ribosome folds and processes proteins and packages them in vesicles—>Golgi
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
no ribosomes, synthesizes phospholipids, detoxification of chemicals
golgi apparatus
composition: stack of small membrane sacs
function: processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids
Lysosomes
composition: vesicles containing digestive enzymes
function: intercellular digestion, recycling of cellular components
Vacuoles and Vesicles
membranous sacs, used for storage or substance
-Vacuole is bigger than a Vesicle
Peroxisomes
Composition: membranous vesicles containing specific digestive enzymes
function: breakdown of fatty acids and other metabolic tasks
Mitochondria
cellular Respiration!!!
Carbohydrate+O2—>CO2+ H2O+energy
Cristae: increase surface area
plant and animal cells both have mitochondria
Chlorplasts
-PLANT CELLS
photosynthesis!!!
energy+CO2+water—>carbohydrate + O2
-Double membrane increases surface area
Cytoskeleton
shape of cell and movement of its parts
Actin Filaments (cytoskeleton)
- two long, thing, flexible chains twisted in a helix
- interacts w motor molecules for movement
Intermediate Filaments (cytoskeleton)
- support nuclear envelope
- cell-to-cell junction (ex: hold skin together)
- human hair
Microtubules (cytoskeleton)
- hollow cylinders of tubulin protein
- help maintain cell shape
- form spindle apparatus during cell division
- provide tracts for vesicles (video)
Cilia and flagella
- cilia are rare in plant cells
- found in both male and female (respiratory tract, filopian tubes, etc.)
- cilia are shorter than flagella and more numbers
- 9+2 pattern of microtubules
Centroile
- formation of basal bodies
- 9+0 pattern of microtubles
