ch 3- Eukaryotic cells Flashcards
what 4 things are composed of eukaryotic cells
animals, plants, fungi, and protists
organelles
sub cellular strutures that preform a particular function
cell wall
plants, fungi, and some protests (NOT IN ANIMAL)
composition: contains polysaccharides
- function: support anf protection
plasma membrane:
composition: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
function: defines cell boundary, regulates molecules passage in and out of cell
nucleus
composition: nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleoli
function: storage of genetic materials, synthesis of DNA and RNA
nuclear envelope:
- 2 layers
- double lipid bilayer
nuclear pores
-holes in membrane
chromatin
- uncoiled chromosomes
- DNA and Protein
nucleolus
RNA, protein, and ribosomes (unfinished, being made)
Ribosomes
composition: protein and 2 RNA subunit
function: protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
studded with ribosome folds and processes proteins and packages them in vesicles—>Golgi
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
no ribosomes, synthesizes phospholipids, detoxification of chemicals
golgi apparatus
composition: stack of small membrane sacs
function: processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids
Lysosomes
composition: vesicles containing digestive enzymes
function: intercellular digestion, recycling of cellular components
Vacuoles and Vesicles
membranous sacs, used for storage or substance
-Vacuole is bigger than a Vesicle
Peroxisomes
Composition: membranous vesicles containing specific digestive enzymes
function: breakdown of fatty acids and other metabolic tasks
Mitochondria
cellular Respiration!!!
Carbohydrate+O2—>CO2+ H2O+energy
Cristae: increase surface area
plant and animal cells both have mitochondria
Chlorplasts
-PLANT CELLS
photosynthesis!!!
energy+CO2+water—>carbohydrate + O2
-Double membrane increases surface area
Cytoskeleton
shape of cell and movement of its parts
Actin Filaments (cytoskeleton)
- two long, thing, flexible chains twisted in a helix
- interacts w motor molecules for movement
Intermediate Filaments (cytoskeleton)
- support nuclear envelope
- cell-to-cell junction (ex: hold skin together)
- human hair
Microtubules (cytoskeleton)
- hollow cylinders of tubulin protein
- help maintain cell shape
- form spindle apparatus during cell division
- provide tracts for vesicles (video)
Cilia and flagella
- cilia are rare in plant cells
- found in both male and female (respiratory tract, filopian tubes, etc.)
- cilia are shorter than flagella and more numbers
- 9+2 pattern of microtubules
Centroile
- formation of basal bodies
- 9+0 pattern of microtubles
central Vacuole
large central vacuole filled with watery fluids that provides added support to the cell
energy storage in plant
starch
energy storage in animal
glycogen
energy storage in fungi
glycogen
stroma
in the chloroplast, fluid filled space on the inside
thylakoids
in the chloroplasts, membrane system within the stroma thats organized into interconnected flattened sacs
grana
the thylakoids that are stacked up
