PNS development and Neurocristopathies

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Consists of the brain and spinal cord and is protected by the cranium and verterbal column

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Consists of all components of the nervous system outside the CNS. This includes cranial nerves and ganglie, spinal nerves and ganglie, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and the enteric nervous system (only exists in the gut).

Question 3

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Question 4

What is the autonomic nervous system? How many neurons connect the pathway from spinal cord to target structues?

What are its two divisions?

Answer 4

Question 5

Peripheral nervous system development arises from what? (2 main things)

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the two groups of cells outside the neural tube that the PNS develops from? Which is the primary contributor?

Answer 6

Question 7

The PNS develops in an ___ system, essentially in a ___ to ____ sequence

Answer 7

integrated; cranial; caudal

Question 8

Neurlation is an inductive event that occurs where? and results in the formation of what? (which gives rise to what?). This can be subvidided into primary (which is what) and secondary (which is what?)

Answer 8

Question 9

Primary neuralation occurs when? Continues through when?

Answer 9

3rd week, immediately following gastrulation. Primary neuraltion continues through the 4th week

Question 10

In the region of the 4th - 6th pairs of somites, the ___plate, and ___groove develop on the posterior aspect of the trilaminar embryo. From the the process continues both ___ and ____

Answer 10

Question 11

What induces the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into the neural plate? (2 things)

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Question 18

Unfused potion at the cranial and caudal ends are referred to as what?

Answer 18

Question 19

Anterior neurospores close at what?

Posterior neurospores close at what?

Answer 19

Anterior = 24-25 days

Posterior close at 26-27 days

Question 20

What markes the end of primary neurulation?

Answer 20

Closure of the neurospores

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Question 26

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Dealmination of neural crest cells

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Question 40

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Abdominal primary tumor; asymptamatic

Question 41

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Sympathetic, Horner’s

Question 42

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Compression

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Question 44

What is the most common benign peripheral nerve tumor in adults?

Answer 44

Schwannoma

Question 45

Tumor of schwann cells are of what orgin?

Answer 45

neural crest

Question 46

Schwann cells do what, generally, in the PNS?

Answer 46

Form a protective lining around most of the nerves in the PNS

Question 47

Do schwannoma’s metastize?

Answer 47

No, but can grow to impress sizes

Question 48

Where are schwannoma’s commonly located near?

Answer 48

CN VIII (acoustic neuroma)

Question 49

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Question 51

If a shwannoma is located along a peripheral nerve you should expect?

Answer 51

Localized pain, numbness, tingling and/or muscle weakness

Question 52

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Type 1

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Question 56

What is this showig?

Answer 56

A vestibular schwannoma

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Question 60

(Neurofibromatosis) Flat patches on the skin that are darker than the surrounding area. What is this?

When does it appear?

Answer 60

Cafe-au-lait-spots

appears early in childhood and increase in size and number as patient ages

Question 61

Answer 61

Later

Question 62

Usually located on or just under the skin, but can form larg plexiform tumors that can impact surrounding structures. What is this?

Answer 62

Neurofibromas (noncanerous, benign) tumors

Question 63

Appear in the iris during childhood

Do not interefere with vision

What is this?

Answer 63

Lisch nodules

Question 64

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vision; vision

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suprarenal (adrenal); crest

Question 66

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40-60

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epinephrine and norepinephrine

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heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism

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Hypertension (most common symptom) Headaches, palpitations, and episodic sweating (40%)

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Pallor (pale skin)

Chest and/or abdominal pain

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facial abnormalities (wide nasal bridge)

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Pigmentation; gray

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Skin; eyes

blue, different

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aganglionic megacolon

1/5000

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