Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards
Soleal line
Action?
Origin?
Ins?
Action?
Origin?
Ins?
Action?
Origin?
Ins?
Action?
Origin?
Ins?
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Shine splints are caused by exessive usage of what type of leg muscles? What’s the one in particular?
Caused exsessive what?
When walking, you land on what first?
Because of this, the foot may ___ on the ground.
To prevent this, and make soft landing, the foot should be ____
This action is performed by ____ muscles
Exessive use of extensor muscles in leg may cause what? What could this do as a side-effect?
What does extensor digitorum brevis insert into?
Also if you follow the tendons of digitorum longus, you will find the spread to form the what?
What muscle will attach to it?
The tendons of extensor digitorum longus
The spreads to form the extensor expansions over the MP joint
Lumbrical
Action?
Origin?
Ins?
Pink is what? Green is what?
Pink= Fibularis longus
Green= fibularis brevis
Describe what happens to the common fibular nerve once it branches to become the superficial fibular nerve. Where does it go? What muscles does it supply? What does it become?
First common fibular nerve enters into the lateral compartment, then divides into superficial branch and deep branch. The superficial fibular nerve stays in the lateral compartment, supplies fibularis longus and brevis muscle, and then becomes cutaneous
Describe what happens to the deep fibular nerve once it breaks off from the common fibular nerve. What does it pass through on its way to what? Goes deep to what muscle? Supplies what muscles proximally? Distally? Finally what does it become, supplying what area?
Deep fibular nerve passes through the intermuscular septum into the anterior compartment, goes deep to extensor digitorum longus, then supplies all the anterior compartment muscles. Also distally it supplies extensor digitorum brevis muscles. Finally, it becomes cutaneous and supplies the skin pads in web space between first and second toes.
What happens if you damage the common fibular (peroneal) nerve?
Results in weakness in dorsiflexion, which causes foot drop and prompts steppage gait.
What is steppage gait?
You have to lift the leg higher than normal. Often caused by common fibular nerve damage
What are the two types of fibular nerve entrapment you can get?
Superficial fibular nerve entrapment and deep fibular nerve entrapment
What symptoms present in fibular nerve entrapment? What injuries often cause it?
Chronic ankle sprain may cause stretching of superficial fibular nerve particularly below the point where the nerve emerges from fibularis muscles and becomes cutaneous
Presents as numbness and paresthesia in lower lateral calf and the nerve’s cutaneous territory on the dorsum of foot except first web space
What are common causes of deep fibular nerve entrapment?
What symptom presents?
Edema in anterior compartment from oversue of muscles compresses the deep fibular nerve.
Or, distal part of deep fibular nerve may be compressed by tight shoes (ski boots)
Or compressed by extensor retinaculum (inf. in particular) due to contant plantar flexion (e.g. extremely high heel shoes)
Symptoms present as numbness/ pain over E.D.B and may spread to web space b/w 1st and 2nd digit (nerve’s cutaneous territory)
Anterior tibial artery becomes what as it passes over ankle joint?
Also what does this artery become?
Dorsalis pedis a
Deep plantar artery
Where do you palpate for Dorsalis pedis pulse?
Posterior compartment of leg is called what?
Also known commonly as?
Sural region
calf
Posterior crural compartment is divided by what (3) things?
What divides the deep compartment from the superficial?
Superficial muscles in the posterior compartment arise from what two areas generally? insert where?
femur, and tibia.
Insert on calcaneous
Superifical muscles in the posterior compartment attach where and perform what action?
calcaneus (work on ankle joint), and plantarflex the foot
Where do muscles in the deep compartment of the posteror leg originate, generally? Where do they insert?
Middle of the shaft of the tibia and fibula, and extend all the way to the digits.
What do muscles of the deep posterior compartment work on? What action do they perform?
Work on MP/IP joints. Flex toes
Name?
Orig?
Ins?
Action?
(Green) Name?
Origin?
Ins?
action
Doesnt do much, helps flex knee and foot
(purple)
Name?
Origin?
Ins?
action
Name?
Origin?
Ins?
action
Name?
Origin?
Ins?
action
What is the flexor retinaculum? Between what and what? What does it hold down?
Part of calcaneous
Sustentaculum tali
Red
Blue, and what nerve?
Whats the way to remember what passes through the flexor retinaculum?
What are these guys?
Where do you palpate the posterior tibial artery?
Between the medial malleolus and the cacaneal tendon
What does it innervate? How do you know how to find it?
Pierces through tendenous arch of soleous muscle
Supplies all the muscles in the superficial and deep compartment of the posterior leg
What are the branches of the fibular (peroneal) artery? what do they supply?
Muscular and perforating
muscular branches supply muscles in lateral compartment (fibularis longus and fibularis brevis)
perforating is found inferiorly and forms anastomose around ankle
What muscles does the posterior tibial artery supply?
The posterior compartment muscles
What is this, what does it do around the ankle? Supplying what?
Anastomoses around ankle joint to supply the collateral vessels
Small saphenous vein
Synovial tendon sheath
