PNS and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the central nervous system

A

centre for all mental activity and regulates and maintains homeostatsis

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2
Q

what are the structures of the PNS

A

nerves and ganglia

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3
Q

how many spinal nerves are there

A

31

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4
Q

what cranial nerves attach to the forebrain

A

1 and 2

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5
Q

describe the afferent (sensory) division of the PNS

A

transmits impulses from receptors to the CNS
somatic afferent fibres - carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscle and joints
visceral afferent fibres - carry impulses from viscerl organs

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6
Q

what are the two subdivisions of the efferent (motor) divsion of the PNS

A

somatic and autonomis nervous system

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7
Q

what is the role of the somatic nervous system

A

provides conscious control of skeletal muscles

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8
Q

what is the role of the autonomic nervous system

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic
- cardiac and smooth muscle and secretory glands

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9
Q

what is the craniosacral system

A

the preganglionic neuronal cell bodies in the brain stem or sacral levels of spinal cord

-part of parasympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

what cranial nerevs are part of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

III - oculomotor
VII - facial
IX - glossopharyngeal
X - vagus

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11
Q

where is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

in the lateral horn of gray matter from S2 - S4

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12
Q

what does the Parasypathetic nervous system supply

A

head, visceral cavities of trunk and external genitalia

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13
Q

_______ is a neurtransmitter secreted by the preganlionic and postganglionic fibres of the Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

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14
Q

describe the cranial outflow for the oculomotor nerve in the Parasympathetic nervous system

A

constricts pupils

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15
Q

describe the cranial outflow for the facial nerve in the Parasympathetic nervous system

A

tears, nasal mucus and saliva

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16
Q

describe the cranial outflow for the glossopharyngeal nerve in the Parasympathetic nervous system

A

parotid salivary gland

17
Q

describe the cranial outflow for the vagus nerve in the Parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • stimulates digestive glands
  • Increases motility of smooth muscle in digestive tract
  • decreases heart rate
  • causes bronchial constriction
18
Q

describe the sacral outflow of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

S2-S4
- pelvic splanchnic nerves
- 2nd half of large intestine
- all pelvic organs

19
Q

what is the thoracolumbar system

A

the sympathetic nervous system where preganglionic neuronal cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of grey matter from T1 - L2

20
Q

where is noradrenalne released from

A

by most postganlopnic fibres in the sympathetic nervous system

21
Q

what does T1-3 control in the sympathetic nervous system

A

dilates pupils, inhibits salivation

22
Q

what does T4-6 control in the sympathetic nervous system

A

accelerates heartbeat, relaxes bronchi

23
Q

what does T7-11 control in the sympathetic nervous system

A

inhibits peristalsis and secretion in stomach
stimulates glucose production and realease
secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline

24
Q

what does T12-L2 control in the sympathetic nervous system

A

inhibits bladder contraction
stimulates genital organs

25
what are the two types of ganglia
sensory and autonomic ganglia
26
where are sensory ganglia found
in the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves and on the ganglia of some cranial nerves
27
what is the role of the sensory ganglia in the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves
transmits messages relating to pain, touch, temperate from the PNS to the CNS
28
what is the role of sensory ganglia in cranial nerves
have special sensory function e,g. trigeminal ganglion, contains the sensory nerve fibres from the head
29
the cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are located in the _______
grey matter of the CNS
30
the cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons are located in the _______
autonomic ganglia
31
the axons of the postganglionic neurons terminate in the ________
effector organs (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands)
32
what are the three groups of autonomic ganglia
1. sympathetic chain ganglia 2. prevertebral ganlia 3. parasympathetic ganglia
33
describe sympathetic chain ganglia
recieve input from lateral horn of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord relay information relating to stress and danger
34
describe prevertebral ganglia
innervate all abdominal and pelvic organs (not adrenal)