cerebellum Flashcards
what are the main functions of the cerebellum
- walking and balance
- coordination of movements
- precision and accuracy of movement
- motor learning
- reflex modification
how do the cerebellum and the brainstem communicate
via superior , middle, and
inferior cerebellar peduncles
what are the longitundinal divisions of the cerebellum
vermis
paravermal region
cerebellar hemispheres
what are the transverse divisions of the cerebellum
anterior lobe (primary fissure)
posterior lobe (posterolateral fissure)
flocculonodular lobe
where is the superior peduncle
–superior pons/ midbrain
where is the middle peduncle
pons
where is the inferior peduncle
medulla
are the peduncles efferent or afferent
superior - efferent projections
middle - afferent projections
inferior - afferent and efferent projections
what separates the posterior lobe from the anterior
the primary fissure
what fissure separates lobe III and lobe IV
preculminate fissure
what fissure separates lobe IV and lobe V
intraculminate fissure
what fissure separates lobe V and VI
primary fissure
what fissure separates lobe VI and VIIA Crus I
superior posterior fissure
what fissure separates lobe VIIA Crus I and VIIA Crus II
the horizontal fissure
what fissure separates lobe VIIA Crus II and lobe VIIB
ansoparamedian fissure
what fissure separates lobe VIIB and VIIIA
prepyramidal fissure
what fissure separates lobe VIIIA and VIIIB
intrabiventral fissure
what fissure separates lobe VIIIB and lobe IX
secondary fissure
what are the 4 nuclei of the cerebellum
denate, emboliform, globose, fastigial
where is the dentate nucleus
cerebellar hemisphere
where is the emboliform nucleus
paramedian zone
where is the globose nucleus
paramedian zone
where is the fastigial nucleus
vermis
what are the interposed nuclei
emboliform and globose nuclei
what are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex
- molecular
- purkinje
- granule
what are the 5 cell types in the cerebellar cortex
purkinje (efferents)
granule (target of mossy)
stellate
basket
golgi
what does the stellate cells inhibit
inhibit nearby Purkinje
what does the basket cells inhibit
inhibit distant Purkinje
what does the golgi cells inhibit
inhibit Granule cells
what two types of fibers are in the cerebellar cortex
mossy fiber and climbing fiber
what are the functional divisions of the cerebellum
vestibulocerebellum
spinocerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
what is the function of the Vestibulocerebellum
Regulates balance and reflex eye movements
what is the function of the Spinocerebellum
Adjust ongoing movements and controls muscle tone
– Stance and gait
what is the function of the Cerebrocerebellum
Planning and initiation of skilled movements, smooth and precise control
describe the projections to the cerebellum
frontal and parietal cortices –> pons –> middle cerebellar peduncle –> cerebellar cortex
vestibular nuclei, reticular nuclei, inferior olives, spinal cord –> inferior cerebellar peduncle –> cerebellar cortex
describe projections from the cerebellum
cerebellar cortex –> fastigial nucleu –> inferior cerebellar peduncle –> vestibular nuclei
cerebella cortex –> globose nuclei, emboliform nuclei, dentate nuclei –> superior cerebellar peduncle –> red nuclei/thalamus –> primary and premotor cortex
what is the primary OUTPUT pathway from the deep cerebellar
nuclei
The superior cerebellar peduncle
what are some cerebellar dysfunctions
dysmetria
truncal ataxia
intention tremor
