cerebral cortex Flashcards
what is the function of the cerebrum
controls higher mental functions including all conscious thoughts and experiences, including all intellectual functions
processes somantic sensory and motor information
what are the two categories of projection fibers
corticofugal and corticopedal
what are the motor areas in the cerebral cortex
precentral gyrus in frontal lobe
primary motor cortex directs voluntary movement
what are the 2 cerebral hemispheres separated by
deep cleft called the longitudinal fissure
what is the function of the frontal lobe in the cerebral cortex
initation and control of voluntary movement and expressive language function
mood, personality, judgement, motivation, executive functions
what is the function of the temporal lobe in the cerebral cortex
auditory perception and discrimination and receptive language function
olfaction, learning and memory function
what is the function of the occipital lobe in the cerebral cortex
visual perception and recognition
receives taste afferent information
somatic sesory and limbic function and influences autonomic functions
where is the precentral gyrus
frontal lobe
what are the functions of the cerebral cortex
motor areas
sensory areas
association areas
how do lesions in the frontal lobe affect
produce motor and autonomic disturbances and alterations in character and behaviour
Certain types of pain are no longer perceivable
what does the left hemisphere control
reading, writing, math, decision making, logic, speech and language
what is the function of the prefrontal cortex
Has cognitive functions of a high order incl. intellect, judgement, predictive faculties and planning of behaviour.
what are the 6 layers of the neocortex
- molecular layer
- outer granule cell layer
- outer pyramidal cell layer
- inner granule cell layer
- inner pyramidal cell layer
- multiform layer
where is the postcentral gyrus
parietal lobe
what forms the white mattw in the cerebral cortex
surface axons running to and from cells of the cortex
what are the sensory areas in the cerebral cortex
postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe
primary sensory cortex recieves somatic sesnory information
what do long association fibers (longitundinal fibers) connect
distant gyri (different lobes)
what is the prefrontal cortex
The extensive regions of the cortex of the frontal lobe that lie anterior to premotor areas
what unites the 2 cerebral hemispheres
the corpus callosum - a sheet of commissural nerve fibres
what are corticopedal projection fibers
originate in thalamus an terminate in cerebral cortex
what does the right hemisphere control
recognition (faces, voices), affect, visual/spatial reasoning, emotion and artistic skills
what is the Inner pyramidal cell layer
origin of projection fibers to extra cortical targets such as basal ganglia, brainstem and spinal cords in the primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe
what are the major sulci
central
lateral
parieto-occipital
intraparietal
how do lesions in the parietal lobe affect
disturbance or loss of function in perception of shape size and texture (agnosia) and are associated with difficulties in writing and talking (sensory aphasia) and memory
what is the internal capsule
The majority of the nerve fibres that pass between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures that are condensed into a broad sheet
what is in the Inner pyramidal cell layer of the neocortex
contains the cells which project fibers into the pyramidal tract.
what are commissural fibres
they connect cortices of cerebral hemispheres (largest bundle forms the corpus callosum)
how do lesions in the temporal lobe affect
produce disturbances in hearing, memory and in emotional behavior.
what are the major gyri
precentral
postcentral
superior temporal
what are the association areas of the cerebral cortex
any brain region that receives input from more than one
how do lesions in the occiptal lobe affect
blindness
what do short association fibers (arcuate fibers) connect
adjecent gyri
what are association fibres
they connect regions of the cerebral cortex within one hemisphere
what is in the Outer Pyramidal cell layer of the neocortex
medium sized neurones giving rise to association and commissural fibres.
what is in the outer granule layer of the neocortex
small neurones which establish intracortical connections.
what are projection fibers
fibres that leave the cerebral white matter
form the internal capsule
what is the Inner granule cell layer of the neocortex
site of termination of afferent fibres from the specific thalamic nuclei. inner granule cell layer
what is in the molecular layer of the neocortex
few nerve cell bodies but many dendritic and axonal processes in synaptic interaction.
what is the corona radiata
Fibres that radiate between the internal capsule and the cortical surface in a fan-like pattern
what is the cerebral cortex
grey matter found in outer layer of brain
what are corticofugal projection fibers
terminate in the basak nuclei, brainstem or spinal cord
what is the function of the parietal lobe in the cerebral cortex
perception and discrimination of somatic sensory stimuli
integrating visual and somatic sensory information
what is in the multiform layer of the neocortex
contains association and projection neurons.
where does the cerebral hemisphere develop from
embryological telencephalon
what are brodmann areas
a system to divide the cerebral cortex according to cytoarchitectural organisation.
