blood supply of brain Flashcards
what does the internal carotid supply
forebrain except occipital lobe
what does the external carotid supply
face, scalp, skull, meninges
what arteries supply the brain tissue
the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries
The vertebral arteries join to form the _______ artery
basilar artery
the anastomotic ring at the base of the brain is called the?
the arterial circle (Circle of Willis).
what space do the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries lie in
the subarachnoid space
what type of arteries supply the surface
Large cortical branches (e.g. gyri, olfactory cortex, corpus callosum, etc)
what type of arteries supply the interior brain
Fine deep/penetrating branches (e.g. internal capsule, caudate, etc).
where so cerebral arteries join
on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres
Once arteries have penetrated the brain substance they become end arteries, communicating only at ________
capillary level
what supplies the brain stem
the basilar and vertebral arteries
what supplies the cerebellum
the basilar and vertebral arteries
what does the anterior cerebral artery supply
cerebral hemispheres, except for occipital lobes
what does the anterior commincating artery supply
cerebral arteral circle
what does the middle cerebral artery supply
lateral surface of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes and auditory cortex
what is the origin of the vertebral artery
subclavian artery
what does the vertebral artery supply
cranial meniinges, cerebellum
what is the terminal branch of the basilar artery
posterior cerebral artery
what is the origin of the anterior cerebral artery
internal carotid
what is the origin of the anterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery
what is the origin of the middle cerebral artery
it is continuation of internal carotid
what is the origin of the posterior cerebral artery
terminal branch of basilar artery
what is the origin of the posterior communicating artery
posterior cerebral artery
what does the basilar artery supply
brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum
what does the posterior cerebral artery supply
inferior aspect of cerebral hemisphere and occipital lobe
what does the posterior communicating artery supply
optic tract, cerebral peduncle, internal capsule and thalamus
what are the 4 parts of the pre terminal branches of the internal carotid
cervical, petrous, cavernous, cerebral
describe the path of the internal carotid in the skull
enters the middle fossa through carotid canal, does series of bends known as the carotid siphon, passes forwards through the cavernous sinus, past anterior clinoid process reaching the surface of the brain lateral to the optic chiasma.
which arteries from the circle of Wiliis
posterior communicating and posterior cerebral arteries and vertebral arteries
name the two terminal branches of the internal carotid
the anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
name the 3 segments of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
A1: ICA to ACA
A2: ACA to callosomarginal artery
A3: callosomarginal artery and pericallosal artery - join with PCAs
name the cortical branches of the anterior cerebral artery
olfactory cortex, corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, frontal gyrus, paracentral lobule
name the deep branches of the anterior cerebral artery
rostrum of cerebral cortex, putamen, head of caudate and internal capsule via medial striate artery
name the 4 segments of the middle cerbral artery (MCA)
M1: ICA to bifurcation sphenoidal ligament
M2: lateral or insular (sylvian fissure)
M3: outside lateral fissure
M4: cortical segments
name the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery
all frontal gyri, the postcentral gyri and the inferior parietal lobe
name the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery
lateral lenticulostriate arteries
what do the cortical branches of the MCA supply
motor and somatosensory cortices of whole body except lower limb, auditory zone and insula
what do the deep branches of the MCA supply
the external capsule, lentiform nucleus and caudate
where are the vertebral arteries in the spine
C6-C1
what doe sthe circle of willis circle
which encircles the optic chiasma and the floor of the hypothalamus and mid brain.
what are the two mian groups of perforating arteries
anterior perforating arteries arteries and posterior perforating arteries.
what are perforating arteries
From the arteries that constitute the circle of Willis, numerous small vessels penetrate the surface of the brain
branches from what 3 arteries supply the posterior part of the brain
posterior cerebral, basilar and vertebral
name the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery
temporal cortex, parietal cortex, occipital cortex, visual areas and pathways
name the central branche sof the posterior cerebral artery
thalamus, subthalamus, ventricles/choroid plexus, globus pallidus, pineal gland
name branches of the basilar artery
pontine branches
superior cerbellar artery
labryinthrine
anterior inferior cerebellar
what does the superior cerebellar artery supply
pons, pineal body, medulla, 3rd ventricle, upper cerebellum
what does the labyrinthine artery supply
middle ear
what does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply
lower cerebellum
name the 2 branches of the vertebral artery
menigeal branches
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
what doe sthe posterir inferior cerebellar artery supply
midbrain, medulla, pons, cerebellum
what causes a stroke
usually follows occlusion of or hemorrhage from a striate artery
what causes an ischemic stroke
a lack of blood supply
what causes a hemorrhagic stroke
by bleeding into the brain tissue
what does a stroke involving the vetebral basilar circulation lead to
focal brain stem syndrome
what is a clinical perspective for the subarachnoid space
Berry aneurysm
where do deep cerbral veins drain to
the great cerebral vein which is continuous with the straight sinus
where do superficial veins empty
into the superior sagittal sinus and the cavernous sinus.
describe the flow of venous blood
flows via the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus into the internal jugular vein.
name the superficial cerebral veins
sagittal sinuses
cortical veins
what do superficial cerbral veins drain
both cerebral hemisphere and subcortical medulla
what do deep cerebral veins drain
deeper parts of hemispheres, basal nuclei, internal capsule, diencephalon and choroid plexus
name the deep cerebral veins
lateral sinus
staright sinus
sigmoid sinus
cavernous sinus
basal vein of Rosenthal
internal cerebral veins
great vein
where do venous sinuses lie
between layers of menigeal and endosteal dura
where do venous sinuses drain to and from
from the subarachnoid spsce
to the internal jugular vein
what veins does the internal jugular vein receive blood from
facial, lingual, occipital, superior and middel thyroid veins
what does the internal jugular vein drain
anterior face, trachea, thyroid, oesophagus, larynx and muscles of neck
describe radicular arteries
pass through the intervertebral foramina and divide into anterior and posterior branches which run with the dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots respectively.
where does the radicular veins drain into
the internal vertebral venous plexus (epidural venous plexus)
