blood supply of brain

Question 1

what does the internal carotid supply

Answer 1

forebrain except occipital lobe

Question 2

what does the external carotid supply

Answer 2

face, scalp, skull, meninges

Question 3

what arteries supply the brain tissue

Answer 3

the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries

Question 4

The vertebral arteries join to form the _______ artery

Answer 4

basilar artery

Question 5

the anastomotic ring at the base of the brain is called the?

Answer 5

the arterial circle (Circle of Willis).

Question 6

what space do the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries lie in

Answer 6

the subarachnoid space

Question 7

what type of arteries supply the surface

Answer 7

Large cortical branches (e.g. gyri, olfactory cortex, corpus callosum, etc)

Question 8

what type of arteries supply the interior brain

Answer 8

Fine deep/penetrating branches (e.g. internal capsule, caudate, etc).

Question 9

where so cerebral arteries join

Answer 9

on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 10

Once arteries have penetrated the brain substance they become end arteries, communicating only at ________

Answer 10

capillary level

Question 11

what supplies the brain stem

Answer 11

the basilar and vertebral arteries

Question 12

what supplies the cerebellum

Answer 12

the basilar and vertebral arteries

Question 13

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 13

cerebral hemispheres, except for occipital lobes

Question 14

what does the anterior commincating artery supply

Answer 14

cerebral arteral circle

Question 15

what does the middle cerebral artery supply

Answer 15

lateral surface of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes and auditory cortex

Question 16

what is the origin of the vertebral artery

Answer 16

subclavian artery

Question 17

what does the vertebral artery supply

Answer 17

cranial meniinges, cerebellum

Question 18

what is the terminal branch of the basilar artery

Answer 18

posterior cerebral artery

Question 19

what is the origin of the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 19

internal carotid

Question 20

what is the origin of the anterior communicating artery

Answer 20

anterior cerebral artery

Question 21

what is the origin of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 21

it is continuation of internal carotid

Question 22

what is the origin of the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 22

terminal branch of basilar artery

Question 23

what is the origin of the posterior communicating artery

Answer 23

posterior cerebral artery

Question 24

what does the basilar artery supply

Answer 24

brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum

Question 25

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply

Answer 25

inferior aspect of cerebral hemisphere and occipital lobe

Question 26

what does the posterior communicating artery supply

Answer 26

optic tract, cerebral peduncle, internal capsule and thalamus

Question 27

what are the 4 parts of the pre terminal branches of the internal carotid

Answer 27

cervical, petrous, cavernous, cerebral

Question 28

describe the path of the internal carotid in the skull

Answer 28

enters the middle fossa through carotid canal, does series of bends known as the carotid siphon, passes forwards through the cavernous sinus, past anterior clinoid process reaching the surface of the brain lateral to the optic chiasma.

Question 29

name the two terminal branches of the internal carotid

Answer 29

the anterior cerebral artery middle cerebral artery

Question 30

name the 3 segments of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

Answer 30

A1: ICA to ACA A2: ACA to callosomarginal artery A3: callosomarginal artery and pericallosal artery - join with PCAs

Question 31

name the cortical branches of the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 31

olfactory cortex, corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, frontal gyrus, paracentral lobule

Question 32

name the deep branches of the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 32

rostrum of cerebral cortex, putamen, head of caudate and internal capsule via medial striate artery

Question 33

name the 4 segments of the middle cerbral artery (MCA)

Answer 33

M1: ICA to bifurcation sphenoidal ligament M2: lateral or insular (sylvian fissure) M3: outside lateral fissure M4: cortical segments

Question 34

name the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 34

all frontal gyri, the postcentral gyri and the inferior parietal lobe

Question 35

name the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 35

lateral lenticulostriate arteries

Question 36

what do the cortical branches of the MCA supply

Answer 36

motor and somatosensory cortices of whole body except lower limb, auditory zone and insula

Question 37

what do the deep branches of the MCA supply

Answer 37

the external capsule, lentiform nucleus and caudate

Question 38

where are the vertebral arteries in the spine

Answer 38

C6-C1

Question 39

what doe sthe circle of willis circle

Answer 39

which encircles the optic chiasma and the floor of the hypothalamus and mid brain.

Question 40

what are the two mian groups of perforating arteries

Answer 40

anterior perforating arteries arteries and posterior perforating arteries.

Question 41

what are perforating arteries

Answer 41

From the arteries that constitute the circle of Willis, numerous small vessels penetrate the surface of the brain

Question 42

branches from what 3 arteries supply the posterior part of the brain

Answer 42

posterior cerebral, basilar and vertebral

Question 43

name the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 43

temporal cortex, parietal cortex, occipital cortex, visual areas and pathways

Question 44

name the central branche sof the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 44

thalamus, subthalamus, ventricles/choroid plexus, globus pallidus, pineal gland

Question 45

name branches of the basilar artery

Answer 45

pontine branches superior cerbellar artery labryinthrine anterior inferior cerebellar

Question 46

what does the superior cerebellar artery supply

Answer 46

pons, pineal body, medulla, 3rd ventricle, upper cerebellum

Question 47

what does the labyrinthine artery supply

Answer 47

middle ear

Question 48

what does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply

Answer 48

lower cerebellum

Question 49

name the 2 branches of the vertebral artery

Answer 49

menigeal branches posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 50

what doe sthe posterir inferior cerebellar artery supply

Answer 50

midbrain, medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 51

what causes a stroke

Answer 51

usually follows occlusion of or hemorrhage from a striate artery

Question 52

what causes an ischemic stroke

Answer 52

a lack of blood supply

Question 53

what causes a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 53

by bleeding into the brain tissue

Question 54

what does a stroke involving the vetebral basilar circulation lead to

Answer 54

focal brain stem syndrome

Question 55

what is a clinical perspective for the subarachnoid space

Answer 55

Berry aneurysm

Question 56

where do deep cerbral veins drain to

Answer 56

the great cerebral vein which is continuous with the straight sinus

Question 57

where do superficial veins empty

Answer 57

into the superior sagittal sinus and the cavernous sinus.

Question 58

describe the flow of venous blood

Answer 58

flows via the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus into the internal jugular vein.

Question 59

name the superficial cerebral veins

Answer 59

sagittal sinuses cortical veins

Question 60

what do superficial cerbral veins drain

Answer 60

both cerebral hemisphere and subcortical medulla

Question 61

what do deep cerebral veins drain

Answer 61

deeper parts of hemispheres, basal nuclei, internal capsule, diencephalon and choroid plexus

Question 62

name the deep cerebral veins

Answer 62

lateral sinus staright sinus sigmoid sinus cavernous sinus basal vein of Rosenthal internal cerebral veins great vein

Question 63

where do venous sinuses lie

Answer 63

between layers of menigeal and endosteal dura

Question 64

where do venous sinuses drain to and from

Answer 64

from the subarachnoid spsce to the internal jugular vein

Question 65

what veins does the internal jugular vein receive blood from

Answer 65

facial, lingual, occipital, superior and middel thyroid veins

Question 66

what does the internal jugular vein drain

Answer 66

anterior face, trachea, thyroid, oesophagus, larynx and muscles of neck

Question 67

describe radicular arteries

Answer 67

pass through the intervertebral foramina and divide into anterior and posterior branches which run with the dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots respectively.

Question 68

where does the radicular veins drain into

Answer 68

the internal vertebral venous plexus (epidural venous plexus)