Pneumonia Flashcards
What is FEV1?
Forced expiratory volume at 1 second
Obstructive Lung Disease FEV1 vs FVC?
FEV1 and FVC are both
decreased, but FEV1 is decreased more, so FEV1/FVC is decreased.
Restrictive Lung Disease FEV1 vs FVC?
Both FEV1 and
FVC are decreased to a similar extent so FEV1/FVC is either normal or increased.
Bacterial Pneumonia types?
Lobar pneumonia, Bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia causes?
Pneumococcus accounts for 90%-95% of cases
Bronchopneumonia causes?
Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, Streptococcus
pyogenes
Lobar pneumonia pathology?
Generally intra-alveolar exudate leading to consolidation of lobe
4 stages of Lobar pneumonia pathogenesis?
(1) congestion:
heavy red lung, intra-alveolar fluid;
(2) red hepatization: RBCs, fibrin and neutrophils within alveoli;
(3) gray hepatization: fibrin and neutrophils within alveoli;
(4) resolution: intra-alveolar exudate is
reabsorbed
Bronchopneumonia pathology?
bilateral and multilobar;
neutrophil exudate extends from
bronchi and bronchioles into adjacent alveoli
Bacterial pneumonia clinical signs?
Malaise, fever, dyspnea, and productive cough. Bronchial breath sounds and rales on auscultation and dullness to percussion over affected lung areas.
Bacterial pneumonia complications?
abscess, empyema, or sepsis
Lobar pneumonia imaging fx?
CXR- radio-opaque lobe
Bronchopneumonia imaging fx?
CXR- patchy opacities
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment?
Antibiotics;
respiratory support
Hospital-acquired pneumonias may be caused by?
gram-negative microorganisms (Klebsiella,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas)
gram-positive organisms (S aureus)
Interstitial Pneumonia causes?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae;
Chlamydia psittaci;
Coxiella burnetii;
Legionella pneumophila
Viruses:
influenza,
RSV,
adenovirus
Interstitial Pneumonia Gross Fx?
Often multilobar;
patchy infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory exudate into alveolar
walls;
may see pink hyaline membranes lining alveoli
Interstitial Pneumonia Imaging Fx?
CXR= patchy infiltration
Interstitial Pneumonia clinical signs?
Malaise;
fever;
muscle aches;
occasional cough (clinical picture appears less severe than bacterial pneumonias)
Interstitial Pneumonia Lab findings?
Leukocytosis,
elevated cold agglutinin levels in M pneumoniae infection
Interstitial Pneumonia Treatment?
Antibiotics; supportive care
Most common opportunistic infection seen in
AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) demonstrates?
interstitial pattern of lung pathology
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosed by?
silver stain of a bronchial lavage
