Pneumonia

Question 1

What is FEV1?

Answer 1

Forced expiratory volume at 1 second

Question 2

Obstructive Lung Disease FEV1 vs FVC?

Answer 2

FEV1 and FVC are both

decreased, but FEV1 is decreased more, so FEV1/FVC is decreased.

Question 3

Restrictive Lung Disease FEV1 vs FVC?

Answer 3

Both FEV1 and

FVC are decreased to a similar extent so FEV1/FVC is either normal or increased.

Question 4

Bacterial Pneumonia types?

Answer 4

Lobar pneumonia, Bronchopneumonia

Question 5

Lobar pneumonia causes?

Answer 5

Pneumococcus accounts for 90%-95% of cases

Question 6

Bronchopneumonia causes?

Answer 6

Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, Streptococcus
pyogenes

Question 7

Lobar pneumonia pathology?

Answer 7

Generally intra-alveolar exudate leading to consolidation of lobe

Question 8

4 stages of Lobar pneumonia pathogenesis?

Answer 8

(1) congestion:
heavy red lung, intra-alveolar fluid;

(2) red hepatization: RBCs, fibrin and neutrophils within alveoli;
(3) gray hepatization: fibrin and neutrophils within alveoli;

(4) resolution: intra-alveolar exudate is
reabsorbed

Question 9

Bronchopneumonia pathology?

Answer 9

bilateral and multilobar;

neutrophil exudate extends from
bronchi and bronchioles into adjacent alveoli

Question 10

Bacterial pneumonia clinical signs?

Answer 10

Malaise, fever, dyspnea, and productive cough. Bronchial breath sounds and rales on auscultation and dullness to percussion over affected lung areas.

Question 11

Bacterial pneumonia complications?

Answer 11

abscess, empyema, or sepsis

Question 12

Lobar pneumonia imaging fx?

Answer 12

CXR- radio-opaque lobe

Question 13

Bronchopneumonia imaging fx?

Answer 13

CXR- patchy opacities

Question 14

Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment?

Answer 14

Antibiotics;

respiratory support

Question 15

Hospital-acquired pneumonias may be caused by?

Answer 15

gram-negative microorganisms (Klebsiella,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas)

gram-positive organisms (S aureus)

Question 16

Interstitial Pneumonia causes?

Answer 16

Mycoplasma pneumoniae;
Chlamydia psittaci;
Coxiella burnetii;
Legionella pneumophila

Viruses:
influenza,
RSV,
adenovirus

Question 17

Interstitial Pneumonia Gross Fx?

Answer 17

Often multilobar;

patchy infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory exudate into alveolar
walls;

may see pink hyaline membranes lining alveoli

Question 18

Interstitial Pneumonia Imaging Fx?

Answer 18

CXR= patchy infiltration

Question 19

Interstitial Pneumonia clinical signs?

Answer 19

Malaise;
fever;
muscle aches;
occasional cough (clinical picture appears less severe than bacterial pneumonias)

Question 20

Interstitial Pneumonia Lab findings?

Answer 20

Leukocytosis,

elevated cold agglutinin levels in M pneumoniae infection

Question 21

Interstitial Pneumonia Treatment?

Answer 21

Antibiotics; supportive care

Question 22

Most common opportunistic infection seen in

AIDS patients?

Answer 22

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

Question 23

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) demonstrates?

Answer 23

interstitial pattern of lung pathology

Question 24

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosed by?

Answer 24

silver stain of a bronchial lavage