Asthma

Question 1

Asthma Types?

Answer 1

Extrinsic and Intrinsic

Question 2

Extrinsic asthma associated with?

Answer 2

Associated with type I hypersensitivity reaction; IgE mediated; triggered by allergens

Question 3

Extrinsic asthma seen in?

Answer 3

seen in children

Question 4

Intrinsic asthma associated with?

Answer 4

Associated with chronic bronchitis; triggered by respiratory viral infections, environmental pollutants exercise, or cold

Question 5

Intrinsic asthma seen in?

Answer 5

seen in adults

Question 6

pathogenesis of asthma? (early phase reaction)

Answer 6

Early phase reaction:

1. Type 1 Hypersensitivity of bronchial airways results in
2. induction of TH2 cells
3. which secrete a variety of cytokines
4. results in
   bronchoconstriction & mucus secretion

Question 7

pathogenesis of asthma? (late phase reaction)

Answer 7

1. recruitment of leukocytes
2. which secrete more factors & cytokines
3. to cause another bout of epithelial damage and airway narrowing

Question 8

Airway remodeling in asthma?

Answer 8

1. repeated bouts of allergic asthma result in structural changes of the bronchial wall
2. Hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle;
3. hyperplasia of bronchial submucosal glands;

Question 9

Asthma gross fx?

Answer 9

1. Mucosal & submucosal edema
2. Leukocytic infiltrate (eosinophils, mast cells, lymphocytes)
3. Epithelial cell necrosis
4. Bronchial wall fibrosis

Question 10

Histology of sputum in asthma?

Answer 10

mucous plugs containing

1. Curshmann spirals
2. Charcot-Leyden crystals
3. Creola bodies

Question 11

Asthma clinical signs?

Answer 11

Dyspnea; expiratory wheezing; cough; use of accessory muscles of respiration; pulsus paradoxus

Question 12

Asthma Complications?

Answer 12

Status asthmaticus (prolonged asthma attack)

Question 13

Asthma Lab findings?

Answer 13

Hypoxia,

decreased FEV1/FVC ratio,

eosinophilia in children

Question 14

Asthma Treatment Quick Relief?

Answer 14

Inhaled β2-adrenergic agonists (salbutamol) for quick relief;

Question 15

Asthma Treatment long-term control?

Answer 15

Inhaled or systemic corticosteroids, leukotriene pathway inhibitors, cromolyn, or theophylline for long-term control