PMP Study from Coursera - 4 Flashcards
A project in which inadequate handoff or transition on the project deliverables occurs
Abandoned Project
Pre-established standards or requirements that a product, service, or process must meet
Acceptance Criteria
Something that is easily used, accessed, or adapted for use by people experiencing disabilities
Accessible
A task that needs to be completed
Action Item
Metrics that indicate whether or not a product, service, or process is accepted and used
Adoption Metrics
Support for and protection of a team in the face of out-of-scope requests or criticism from leadership
Air cover
The process of answering business questions, discovering relationships, and predicting outcomes based on the analysis of data
Analytics
A situation that occurs when two parties settle on a so-called solution but the end product still suffers
Bad compromise
A type of chart that uses color and length to compare categories in a data set; useful for comparing values
Bar chart
A technical issue
Bug
A line chart that measures the time against the amount of work done and the amount of work remaining; useful for projects that require a granular, broken-down look at each task
Burndown chart
Anything that alters or impacts the tasks, structures, or processes within a project
Change
A record of all notable changes on a project
Change log
The qualities or features that make up and distinguish a person, like honesty, integrity, and kindness
Character
People working together on an activity
Collaboration
A type of data bias that refers to the tendency to search for information that confirms preexisting beliefs
Confirmation bias
Refers to Jay A. Conger’s four-step approach to effectively persuade and influence another person to consider new ideas: establish credibility, frame for common ground, provide evidence, and connect emotionally
Conger’s four steps
An ongoing effort to improve products or services; begins with recognizing when processes and tasks need to be created, eliminated, or improved
Continuous Improvement
An experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables
Control
The difference between actual cost and budgeted cost
Cost variance
The sequence of steps a user follows to accomplish tasks in a product
Critical user journey
A metric that indicates how well the project delivered what it set out to do and how well it satisfies customer and stakeholder needs
Customer satisfaction score
A type of user interface—typically a graph or summary chart— that provides a snapshot view of a project’s progress or performance
Dashboard
A collection of facts or information; the numbers and feedback available about different aspects of a project
Data
The collection, transformation, and organization of data to draw conclusions, make predictions, and drive informed decision-making
Data analysis
A type of error that is influenced by one’s inherent beliefs
Data bias
The well-founded standards of right and wrong that dictate how data is collected, shared, and used
Data ethics
The act of protecting a data subject’s information and activity any time a data transaction occurs
Data privacy
A graphical representation of information to facilitate understanding
Data visualization
Techniques used to make decisions based on actual data
Data-driven improvement frameworks
A quality indicating team members are reliable and complete their work on time
Dependability
Tasks, activities, or milestones that are reliant on one another
Dependencies
The process of managing interrelated tasks and resources within a project to ensure that the overall project is completed successfully, on time, and on budget
Dependency management
Anything that alters the original course of action
Deviation
Dependencies that could occur on their own, but the team saw a need to make those dependencies reliant on one another
Discretionary dependencies
The set of differences each individual possesses, whether visible or invisible, that gives them a unique perspective on the world and their work
Diversity
The five steps to take when working toward continuous improvements: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control
DMAIC
The amount of time it takes to complete or produce something
Duration
Rare outliers that the original requirements of the project didn’t account for; deals with the extreme maximums and minimums of parameters
Edge case
Metrics that indicate the degree to which a product or service is used—the frequency of use, amount of time spent using it, and the range of use
Engagement metrics
The process of enlisting the help of higher-level project leadership or management to remove an obstacle, clarify or reinforce priorities, and validate next steps
Escalation
A form of leadership that promotes and values honesty, justice, respect, community, and integrity
Ethical leadership
Refers to one’s ability to communicate with others
Expressiveness
Asks that are reliant on outside factors, like regulatory agencies or other projects
External dependencies
A survey in which users provide feedback on features of a product that they like or dislike
Feedback survey
An unforeseen circumstance that prevents someone from fulfilling a contract due to a major crisis
Force majeure
A project-tracking visual that is useful for staying on schedule; ideal for projects with many dependencies and larger project teams
Gantt chart
Metrics that relate to different aspects of the user’s overall satisfaction with a product or service
Happiness metrics
The one-sentence main point that illustrates a slide
Headline
The one-sentence main point that illustrates a slide
Headline
Refers to the level of personal history between oneself and another person
History
The belief that the results of one’s work matter and create change
Impact
A presentation guided by a deck or slideshow that shows key stakeholders the value that’s been added by the project
Impact report
A form of leadership where everyone’s unique identity, background, and experiences are respected, valued, and integrated into how the team operates
Inclusive leadership
The practice or policy of including people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized
Inclusivity
The ability to alter another person’s thinking or behaviors
Influencing
A conversation opener that sets a person up for success with their audience
Influencing statement
A visual representation of information or data intended to present information quickly and clearly
Infographic
An organizational source of power that refers to one’s level of access and control over information
Information
The relationship between two tasks within the same project
Internal dependencies
A type of data bias that refers to the tendency to always interpret ambiguous situations as either negative or positive
Interpretation bias
A known and real problem that may affect the ability to complete a task
Issue
Refers to the power drawn from one’s expertise in certain subjects, unique abilities and skill sets, and ability to learn new things
Knowledge
A measurable value that demonstrates how effective a company is at achieving business objectives
Key performance indicator (KPI)
The bottom or side section of a chart that gives a small description of each section
Legend
A type of chart that displays information as a series of data point markers; helpful for showing trends and behaviors over set periods of time or overall
Line chart
Tasks that are legally or contractually required
Mandatory dependencies
A quantifiable measurement that is used to track and assess a business objective
Metric
An important point within the project schedule that indicates progress and usually signifies the completion of a deliverable or phase of the project
Milestone
The people one is connected with professionally and personally
Network
A project in which the project deliverables and tasks cannot be completed
Never-ending project
A type of data bias that refers to the tendency for different people to observe different things
Observer bias
A productivity metric that helps illustrate to clients and stakeholders how the project is progressing and when they can expect certain deliverables to be ready
On-time completion rate
A four-step process that focuses on identifying a problem, fixing the issue, assessing whether the fix was successful, and fine-tuning the final fix; stands for: plan, do, check, and act
PDCA
A four-step process that focuses on identifying a problem, fixing the issue, assessing whether the fix was successful, and fine-tuning the final fix; stands for: plan, do, check, and act
PDCA
A type of chart divided into sections that each represent a portion of a whole; useful for making comparisons
Pie chart
A collection of programs and projects across a whole organization
Portfolio
A tool used to prioritize project risks
Probability and impact matrix
The practice of identifying, analyzing, and improving existing processes to enhance performance, meet best practices, or optimize consumer experiences
Process improvement
Metrics that track the effectiveness and efficiency of a project, including items like tasks, milestones, projections, and duration
Productivity metrics
A collection of projects
Program
A document that describes what the team did, how they did it, and what they delivered; evaluates the quality of work and the project’s performance with respect to budget and schedule
Project closeout report
A process performed to formally complete a project, the current phase, and contractual obligations
Project closing
An update that gives an overview of all of a project’s common elements and summarizes them at a given point in time
Project status report
An activity that needs to be accomplished within a set period of time
Project task
A prediction of a future outcome—such as future productivity trends, project durations, costs, performance, or quality—based on current information; also called a forecast
Projection
An individual’s perception of the consequences of taking an interpersonal risk
Psychological safety
Information about subjective qualities that can’t be measured with numerical data
Qualitative data
Refers to when the outlined requirements for the deliverable are fulfilled and meet or exceed the needs and expectations of customers
Quality
A review process that evaluates whether a project is moving towards delivering a high-quality service or product; also called QA
Quality Assurance
Techniques used to ensure quality standards when a problem is identified; also called QC
Quality control
Metrics that relate to achieving acceptable outcomes, such as number of changes, issues, and cost variance
Quality metrics
The actions of the project manager or team to establish and conduct a process for identifying and determining exactly which standards of quality are relevant to the project as a whole and how to satisfy them
Quality planning
Requirements, specifications, or guidelines that can be used to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for achieving the desired outcome
Quality standards
Statistical and numerical facts
Quantitative data
A report that follow a traffic light pattern to indicate progress and status: “red” indicates there are critical issues that need resolution, “amber/yellow’ means that there are potential issues with schedule or budget, and “green” means the that the project is on track
RAG status report
A meeting in which project teams discuss successes, failures, and possible future improvements on a project
Retrospective
A potential event that could occur and impact a project
Risk
A way to measure potential future loss resulting from a specific activity or event
Risk exposure
The process of identifying, evaluating, and addressing potential risks and issues that could impact a project
Risk management
A table or chart that contains a list of risks
Risk register
A project-tracking visual that is useful for high-level tracking of large milestones
Roadmap
A strategy used to help manage actions after risks arise; stands for resolved, owned, accepted, and mitigated
ROAM technique
An acronym used in data ethics best practices to ensure that data is reliable, original, comprehensive, current, and cited
ROCCC
One’s position within an organization or team
Role
A type of data bias in which the sample isn’t representative of the population as the whole
Sampling bias
When changes, growth, and other factors affect a project’s scope
Scope creep
An observable change
Signal
A way to clue the audience in to where a presentation is going and what to expect
Signpost
A type of bar chart that can show part-to-whole variables simultaneously; useful when comparing numerical information; also called a marimekko chart
Stacked bar chart
The process of turning facts into narrative to communicate something to an audience
Storytelling
A group of people who plan work, solve problems, make decisions, and review progress in service of a specific project or objective
Team
The forces, both conscious and unconscious, that impact team behavior and performance
Team dynamics
An effective, collaborative way of working in which each person is committed to and heading towards a shared goal
Teamwork
A sequence of steps and its expected results
Test case
Refers to setting a time limit
Timeboxing
Refers to taking a moment away from the project to regroup and adjust the game plan
Timeout
A method of following the progress of project activities
Tracking
Conflicts that occur when two peers or groups can’t come to an agreement and neither party is willing to give in
Trench wars
A trial that helps a business make sure a product or solution works for its users; also called a UAT
User acceptance test
An informal, general explanation of a feature written from the perspective of the end user
User story
People in an organization who work toward a common goal; based on and assigned by organizational or managerial hierarchy
Work groups
Refers to how others perceive a person overall
Reputation
