PMLS LAB Flashcards
-Is the procedure for removing blood from veins for
analysis.
Venipuncture
-first site or choice of location for venipuncture.
Antecubital Fossa
shallow depression
antecubital fossa
-Puncture of the ______ is performed only by
physicians or specially trained personnel.
femoral vein
differs somewhat from person to
person, and you may not see the exact textbook
pattern.
Vein location
•The important thing to remember is to choose a
prominent vein that is well-fixed and does not
overlie a pulse, which indicates the presence of an
artery and the potential presence of a major nerve
Hospital identification bracelet
-Patient’s first and last names
-Hospital numbers (often two sets)
-Birth date
-Physician
-Temporary identification number and bracelet
Unidentified patients
• to correctly identify the patient
• Organize the necessary equipment
• collect the appropriate samples
• legal protection
Requisitions
Before leaving the laboratory
REVIEW THE REQUISITION!
the most important procedure in phlebotomy
patient identification
the early morning approximately 12 hours after the last ingestion of food
basal state
Has refrained from strenuous exercise and has
not ingested food or beverages except water.
BASAL STATE
verify that the appropriate pretest preparation
such as fasting or abstaining from medications has
occurred
BASAL STATE
Patients should remove any objects _______ from their mouths
before performing the venipuncture.
such as food,
drink, gum, or a thermometer
Any foreign object in the mouth could cause
choking
Veins on the ________ are
never acceptable for venipuncture.
underside of the wrist
mandate that gloves be worn when performing a venipuncture procedure
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
-causes blood to accumulate in the veins making
them more easily located
Tourniquet
-provides a larger amount of blood for collection.
Tourniquet
angle between skin and needle:
< 30
Effects of prolonged application:
-Hemoconcentration
-Hemolysis
-Shortened coagulation time
• This requires that the tourniquet be applied twice
during the venipuncture procedure:
first when vein selection is being made
2. immediately before the puncture is performed.
a tourniquet applied too close to the venipuncture site may cause the vein to
collapse
Two routine steps in the venipuncture procedure
aid the phlebotomist in locating a suitable vein
-applying a tourniquet
-asking the patient to clench his or her fist
Sites to avoid
Edematous Area
Arms in cast
IV Line/Cannula
Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula
Side of Masectomy
IV Line/Cannula
Hematoma
Complications in venipuncture
Ecchymosis
Fainting
IV Line / IV Cannula
Obesity
Excessive Bleeding
Aka “bruise”
Ecchymosis
Most common complication encountered
Ecchymosis
Leakage of small amounts of blood
Ecchymosis
• Flat, purplish skin discoloration
Ecchymosis
Leakage of large amounts of blood
Hematoma
Swollen / bulging, purplish skin discoloration
hematoma
syncope
Fainting
Short lapse in consciousness
Fainting
Increase concentration of cells, larger nolecules
and analyts in the blood because of a shift in water
balance.
Hemoconcentration
Can be caused by prolong tourniquet application
Hemoconcentration
After prolonged application, allow ____
before reapplying the tourniquet.
2 minutes
