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PMLS > lec questions > Flashcards

lec questions Flashcards

1
Q

ability of the agent to survive

A

Viability

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2
Q

degree to which agent is able to cause disease

A

Virulence

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3
Q

Anything harmful or potentially harmful to
health

A

Biohazard

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4
Q

Biohazard Exposure routes:

A

 Airborne
 Ingestion
 Nonintact Skin
Percutaneous
 Permucosal

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5
Q

applied to any infectious microorganism present in the
blood and other body fluids and tissues
 Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus
 Hepatitis C Virus
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus

A

Bloodborne Pathogens

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6
Q

Targets the liver
• “inflammation of the liver”
• most frequently occurring laboratory acquired infection

A

HEPATITIS B and D

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7
Q

best defense against HBV

A

HBV Vaccination

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8
Q

done intramuscularly
has an initial dose, second dose (done usually after a
month), third dose (done usually after 6 months)

A

HBV Vaccination

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9
Q

HEPATITIS B and D
(Exposure Hazards)

A

• Present in:
 Blood, Urine ,Semen , CSF , Saliva
• Can survive up to a week in dried blood
• Transmitted through needlesticks and other sharp injuries
• Primarily transmitted through sexual contact

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10
Q

HEPATITIS B and D
(SYMPTOMS)

A

esembles flu but last longer
• Fatigue; loss of appetite; mild fever; muscle, joint, and abdominal
pain; nausea; and vomiting
• Jaundice in 25% of cases
• Increased risks of developing cirrhosis of liver and liver cancer

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11
Q

Most widespread chronic bloodborne illness in US
• No vaccine is currently available
• Chronic Hepatitis

A

HEPATITIS C VIRUS

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12
Q

HEPATITIS C VIRUS EXPOSURE HAZARDS

A

 Saliva and seldom in urine and semen
 Occurs after large/ multiple exposure
 Sexual contact and needle sharing

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13
Q

HEPATITIS C VIRUS SYMPTOMS

A

Similar of HBV

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14
Q

• Attacks the body’s immune system and can eventually cause acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome
• Opportunistic infections are caused by organisms that would not ordinarily be
pathogens to a normal healthy individuals

A

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

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15
Q

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS EXPOSURE HAZARDS

A

 Blood, Semen, Saliva, Urine, CSF, amniotic fluid, breast milk, cervical secretions and tissue
infected

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16
Q

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SYMPTOMS

A

 Incubation phase range from few weeks to a year
Mild to severe flu-like symptoms
 Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – final phase of the infection

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17
Q

BBP EXPOSURE ROUTES

A

• The skin is pierced by a contaminated needle or sharp object
• Blood or other body fluid splashes into the eyes, nose, or mouth
• Blood or other body fluid comes in contact with a cut, scratch, or abrasion
• A human bite breaks the skin

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18
Q

condition of being free of
contamination or germs that could cause
disease

A

Asepsis

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19
Q

practice used to reduce
the chance of microbial contamination to
prevent spread of infection

A

Aseptic Technique

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20
Q

Maintaining safe working environment is a primary concern
Procedures established to protect the patient from being infected by the healthcare
personnel and vice versa

A

INFECTION CONTROL

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21
Q

invades the body, multiplies,
and causes injury or disease

A

microbe (microorganism)

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22
Q

causing or capable of causing disease

A

PATHOGENIC

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23
Q

normally nonpathogenic microbes
that thrives in our skin and other areas of the body

A

NORMAL FLORA

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24
Q

Chain of
Infection

A

INFECTIOUS AGENT, RESERVOIR, EXIT PATHWAY, MEANS OF TRANSMISSION, ENTRY PATHWAY, SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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25
Q

caused by organisms that would not ordinarily be
pathogens to a normal healthy individuals

A

Opportunistic infections

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26
Q

leading science-based, data-driven, service organization that
protects the public’s health
- pivot our long-standing practices and adapt to pandemics
and other public health emergencies

A

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC)

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27
Q

ensure safe and healthful working conditions for workers by
setting and enforcing standards and by providing training,
outreach, education and assistance

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

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28
Q

Single most important way to prevent spread
infection

A

handwashing

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29
Q

Agents that are used to cause inhibition of growth of growth
of microorganism on living surfaces
• Does not kill bacterial spores

A

ANTISEPTICS

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30
Q

Most commonly used anteseptics

A

70%% isopropyl alcohol

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31
Q

Skin preparation for blood cultures or arterial punctures

A

Tincture of iodine or povidone-iodine

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32
Q

Used for skin preparation for blood cultures

A

2% Chlorohexidine gluconate + 70% isopropyl alcohol

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33
Q

Alternate skin cleanser

A

Benzalkonium chloride

Zephrin chloride

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34
Q

Alternate for persons allergic to alcohol

A

Hydrogen peroxide

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35
Q

• Serious concern to all healthcare workers
• Proper handling and disposing of contaminated sharps
should be practice
• Major source of occupationally acquired hepatitis and
HIV

A

PUNCTURES

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36
Q

All needles must be covered with safety device immediately after use
- Mandated by OSHA

A

Needle Safety Act

37
Q

Agents that eliminates pathogenic organisms but not
necessarily all microorganisms, endospores and prions

A

DISINFECTANTS

38
Q

Most common disinfectant
 Least expensive
 Must be made daily

A

10% household bleach

39
Q

Must be available at no charge to phlebotomist
 Effective for approx. 15 years
 Vaccine does not protect from all types of hepatitis virus

A

HEPATITIS B VACCINE

40
Q

Used to protect phlebotomist from infectious materials

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Masks
  3. Gowns
  4. Goggles/ Face shields
41
Q

Donning
 Process of putting on PPE

A

1) Gown
2) Mask
3) Goggles or face shield
4) Gloves

42
Q

Doffing
 Process of removing of PPE

A

1) Gloves
2) Googles or face shield
3) Gown
4) Mask

43
Q

 Helps in breaking chain of infection

A

ISOLATION TECHNIQUES

44
Q

determined disease of patient

A

Category - Specific Isolation

45
Q

diagnosed with or suspected of transmissible disease

A

Transmission – Based precautions

46
Q

Contagious dse. such as chickenpox, diphtheria, or pneumonia

A

Strict Isolation

47
Q

Diseases transmittable by direct contact

A

Contact Isolation

48
Q

 Disease transmitted through air
 Mask must be worn upon entering the room

A

Respiratory Isolation

49
Q

 Patient with tuberculosis
 Techniques are of similar in respiratory isolation

A

Tuberculosis Isolation

50
Q

 “ Wound and Skin Precautions”
 Oozes from the wound contains infection
 Absorbed fluids and any fluid touched provide potential transmission of infection

A

Drainage/Secretion Precautions

51
Q

 Patients with severe diarrhea due to contagious bacteria
 Transmitted through contact of infected px’s stool

A

Enteric Precautions

52
Q

Protective or Reverse Isolation

A

 Protects patient from health care worker

53
Q

• Develop and promote health and safety standards
for all occupations
• Develop and issue regulations
• Determine level of compliance with health and
safety regulations
• Level fines for noncompliance with health and
safety regulations

A

OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND
HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION
STANDARDS

54
Q

 any pathogenic microorganisms that is present in
blood
 Can cause disease to exposure of blood containing
pathogens

A

Blood Borne Pathogens

55
Q

 refers to blood components such as: plasma,
platelets, and serosanguineous fluids
 Components derived from blood: immune globulins,
albumin, etc.

A

Blood

56
Q

Non-intact skin that is in risk of infection

A

Exposure Incident

57
Q

solate or remove blood-borne pathogen
hazards

A

Engineering Controls

58
Q

Provide alternative to needles for specified
procedures

A

Needleless System

59
Q

 Reasonably anticipated contact of potential
infectious agents
 Substantiation of occupational exposure like
incidents

A

Occupational Exposure

60
Q

 Devices that make injury involving contaminated
sharps less likely
 Includes needles with guards or sliding sheaths,
retractable needles

A

Sharps with Engineered Sharps Injury
Protections

61
Q

stablished and written exposure prevention
program
• Designed to eliminate or minimize employee
hazards
• Requires annual review and update
• Requires employers to identify employees who
will receive training, PPE, vaccinations and other
protection standards

A

EXPOSURE
CONTROL PLANS

62
Q

EXPOSURE
CONTROL PLANS
Employer must do the ff:

A
  1. Consider new developments
  2. Document use of commercially available safer devices
  3. Review plan annually
  4. Involve nonmanagement workers in evaluating and selecting
  5. Maintain injury log
63
Q

Any occupational injuries to employees
must be documented
1. Type and brand of device
2. Location of incident
3. Description of incident

A

RECORD
KEEPING

64
Q

PHYSICAL SAFETY
GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY STANDARS:

A

Minimize splashing, splattering or generation of droplets
Mouth pipetting or mouth suctioning is prohibited
Pens, pencils and fingers are not to be place in the mouth
Wear proper PPE
Practice proper grooming

65
Q

RESPONSE TO ACCIDENTAL BIOHAZARD EXPOSURE Eyes

A

flush with large amounts of water/ sterile saline for minimum 10
mins.

66
Q

Receive treatment for high-risk category

A

prophylactic

67
Q

Absorb spill with absorbent material
 Clean with disinfectant

A

SMALL SPILLS

68
Q

 Use a special clay- or chlorine-based powder to absorb or gel the liquid
 Scoop or sweep up absorbed or thickened material
 Wipe the spill area with appropriate disinfectant

A

LARGE SPILLS

69
Q

Moisten the spill with disinfectant
 Absorb the spill with paper towels or similar material
 Clean the area with appropriate disinfectant

A

DRIED SPILLS

70
Q

 Wear heavy-duty utility gloves
 Scoop or sweep up material
 Discard it in biohazard sharps container
 Clean the area with appropriate disinfectant

A

SPILLS WITH BROKEN GLASS

71
Q

CHEMICAL SAFETY
GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY STANDARS:

A

Always wear proper PPE
Always use proper chemical cleanup materials
Never store chemicals above eye level
Never add water to acid
Never store chemicals in unlabeled containers

72
Q

• Indicates hazards of chemicals used
• Contains general and precautionary information
• Must be kept on file all the time
• Must be readily accessible to all personnel

A

material safety data sheet (MSDS)

73
Q

MSDS Contents

A
  1. Identification
  2. Hazard Identification
  3. Composition and Information on Ingredients
  4. First aid measures
  5. Fire Fighting & Accidental Release Measures
  6. Handling and Storage
  7. Exposure Controls
  8. Physical and Chemical Properties
  9. Stability and Reactivity
  10. Toxicological Information
74
Q

 Located within a 10 second walk (approx. 55 ft)
 Affected parts should be flushed with water for
15 minutes followed by ER evaluation

A

Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations

75
Q

Developed a hazardous material labeling system

A

NATIONAL FIRE
PROTECTION
ASSCOCIATION

76
Q

 Present in nuclear medicine, radiology and patients
with radioactive implants
Phlebotomist must be aware of the institution’s
radiation safety procedures
 Phlebotomist must be shielded with a special apron or
cover gown

A

RADIATION EXPOSURE

77
Q

 Avoid the use of extension cords
 Do not overload electrical circuits
 Do not touch electrical equipment in patient’
s rooms
 Know the location of the circuit breaker
 Unplug and do not use equipment that is malfunctioning

A

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

78
Q

If electric shock occurs:

A

Shut off the source of electricity
 Call for medical assistance
Start CPR
Keep the victim warm

79
Q

Sharps , needles, syringe, broken glass vials , capillary
tubes

A

RED W/ BIOHAZARD
SYMBOL

80
Q

Pathological waste such as human or animal body tissues

A

YELLOW W/ BIOHAZARD
SYMBOL

81
Q

YELLOW W/ BLACK
BAND

A

Pharmaceutical and chemical waste

82
Q

GREEN

A

Wet biodegradable waste , non-biological hospital waste

83
Q

Dry non-biodegradable waste, non-biological hospital
waste

A

BLACK

84
Q

radioactive waste

A

ORANGE

85
Q

Types of medical waste

A
  1. Infectious waste –
  2. Pathological waste –
  3. Sharps
  4. Pharmaceutical waste
  5. Chemical waste
  6. Heavy metals –
  7. Pressurized containers
  8. Radioactive waste
86
Q

potentially contaminated with pathogens

A

Infectious waste

87
Q

consist of tissues, organs, body parts, blood and body fluids

A

Pathological waste

88
Q

materials that are highly toxic (ex. Broken thermometer)

A

Heavy metals

PMLS (10 decks)

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