PMLS Flashcards
The first people to utilize Bloodletting.
Barbers
Modern Phlebotomy purposes
-Diagnosis and Management of diseases
-Remove Blood for Transfusions
Thick blood
Polycythemia
Abnormal Iron Storage
Hemochromatosis
ROLES OF PHLEBOTOMIST
-Collect blood samples for laboratory testing or transfusions
-Proper specimen labelling
-Delivery, Transportation, and Processing
-May even collect other non-blood specimens
The Phlebotomist is a part of the laboratory team and dispatched to hospital units to collect blood samples.
CENTRALIZED
All members of the healthcare team share responsibility to collect blood samples
DECENTRALIZED
A PHELOBOTOMIST MUST HAVE:
- Good manual dexterity
- Special Communication Skills
- Good Organizational Skills
- Thorough Knowledge of Laboratory Specimen Requirements
- Sufficient training in phlebotomy skills and standard practice
Everyone must follow professional code of conduct in treatment of patients includes ______________________ to all aspects of the job and ________________________________________.
Professional Approach, Professional grooming and dress
COMPONENT OF GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS
- Verbal
- Non-verbal
- Active listening
Types of Healthcare Facilities
- Inpatient
- Outpatient
Levels of Health Care Facility
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
Services of Health Care Facility
- Ambulatory Care
- Homebound Services
- Public Services
AREAS OF LABORATORY
- Phlebotomy
- Chemistry
- Hematology
- Coagulation
- Histology
- Urinalysis
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Immunohematology
- Cytology
- Molecular Diagnostics
LABORATORY STAFF
- Pathologist
- Medical Laboratory Scientist
- Medical Laboratory Technician
- Phlebotomy Technician
- Cytotechnologist
- Histotechnologist
Rights of Patients
- Patient has right to considerate and respectful care
- Patient has right to receive understandable information
- Patient has right to make decisions about plan of care and refuse treatment
- Patient has right to have an advanced directive
- Patient has right to privacy
- Patient has the right to confidentiality on his/her medical records
- Patient has the right to expect that within its capacity and policies, a hospital will make reasonable response to the request of a patient for appropriate and medically indicated care services
- Patient has the right to information regarding hospital business relationships that might impact his/ her care
- Patient has the right to consent or decline to participate in proposed research studies
- Patient has the right to expect continuity of care
- Patient has the right to be informed of hospital policies and practices that relate to patient care, treatment, and responsibility.
Functions of Blood
- supplies nutrients to tissues
(O2, hormones, glucose) - removes end products of metabolism
(CO2, urea, creatinine) - provides defense mechanism
(WBC, Antibiotics) - prevents blood loss
(platelets, coagulation proteins)
Blood composition (%)
> Formed Elements (45%)
[RBC, WBC, Platelets]
Fluid component (55%)
[Water (92%), protein (7%), etc.]
Coagulation of the Body
> In vivo (inside the body)
In vitro (outside the body)
description of “In vivo”
- Blood is fluid
- Clot is formed to protect injured vessels
description of “In vitro”
- Spontaneous reaction
- Triggered by glass or poor drawing technique
Plasma is the liquid portion that is _____________
anticoagulated
Serum is the liquid portion that is _______________
coagulated
- Clotting is prevented and reversible
- Mix: completely, 8x- 10x
- Centrifuge= plasma (has fibrinogens)
Blood with Anticoagulant
- Spontaneous clotting occurs and is irreversible
- Fibrinogen -> Fibrin Strands
- Centrifuge = serum
Blood without Anticoagulant
Abnormal Serum/ Plasma Appearance:
- Pink to red, ruptured RBCs
Hemolyzed
Abnormal Serum/ Plasma Appearance:
- Dark orange to yellow, abundance of bilirubin
Icteric
Abnormal Serum/ Plasma Appearance:
- Cloudy, turbid, fat & triglycerides
Lipemic
Characteristics of Blood Collection Tubes
- Contains a vacuum
- Used with a vacutainer & syringe system
- Stoppers universal color coded; indicates content
- Have an expiration date
- Anticoagulant sprayed at the sides of the tube
Type & amount of Specimen is dependent upon:
- Test
- Whole Blood; EDTA (hematology) or Heparin (arterial blood gas)
- Plasma; EDTA or Heparin?
- Serum: Trace free? Separator gel interference
- Amount of sample needed to perform test
- Multiple labs needing the same specimen at the same time
Validity Test Results Require:
- Trained Personnel
> Causes of pre- analytical error
> Invalid Test Result - Quality Control
- Quality Assurance
- Sophisticated instruments
Requirements for Infection to Spread
- Infectious substance
- Mode of transmission
- Susceptible Host
Mode of transmissions
-Parenteral ( Intramuscular, Intravenous, Subcutaneous, Mucosal)
-Ingestion
Any other route other than the digestive tract
Parenteral
Not-intact skin, chapped hands, cuts, cuticles
Intramuscular
Percutaneous: needles, sharps
Subcutaneous
Permucosal: mouth, nose, eyes
Mucosal
Primary means of preventing spread of infection (especially nosocomial)
Handwashing
Required for Handwashing
> Minimum 15 seconds, soap, friction
Wash hands before and after each blood draw
Safety Engineering Controls
- PPE
- Sharps Container
- Safer Medical Devices
Characteristics of Sharp Container
- Biohazard Marking
- Puncture Resistant
- Leak- proof
- Method of fishing out the cap using the needle to close the cap onto the needle without possibly hurting yourself
FISHING METHOD
