ANACHEM

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is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science and medicine

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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reveals the identity of the elements and compounds in a sample

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Qualitative Analysis

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indicates the amount of each substance in a sample

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Quantitative Analysis

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is applied throughout industry, medicine, and all the sciences

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Analytical Chemistry

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measurements also play a vital role in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, geology, physics, and other sciences

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Quantitative Analysis

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Analytical chemists work to identify the substances present in a given sample

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1. Identification of Chemical Compounds

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Analytical methods are employed to measure the amount or concentration of specific chemical species in a sample

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2. Quantification of Chemical Compounds

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Separation is a fundamental step in analytical chemistry. Various methods are used to separate complex mixtures into their individual components, making it easier to analyze and quantify them

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3. Separation Techniques

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Analytical Chemists often use sophisticated instruments and techniques to perform their analysis

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4. Instrumentation

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Analytical Chemistry plays a crucial role in quality control across various industries

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5. Quality Control

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Analytical chemistry is employed to monitor and analyze environmental samples

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6. Environmental Analysis

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Analytical Chemistry is widely used in the food and beverage industry to ensure the safety and quality of products.

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7. Food and Beverage Analysis

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Analytical techniques are used in forensic science to analyze evidence such as blood, hair, and other substances found at the crime scene

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8. Forensic Analysis

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Analytical Chemistry is essential in the pharmaceutical industry for drug development, quality control, and formulation analysis.

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9. Pharmaceutical Analysis

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Analytical techniques are applied in biomedical research and diagnostics, helping to identify biomarkers, study physiological processes, and diagnose diasease

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10. Biomedical Analysis

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is defined as a portion of material selected a larger quantity of materials

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SAMPLE

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Refers to the components of a sample that are to be determined

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ANALYTE

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refers to the components of a sample other than the analyte of interest

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MATRIX

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The substance of interest in the analysis

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ANALYTE

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The constituents, apart from the analyte, of the given sample

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MATRIX

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refers to the collection of all the components in the sample containing an analyte

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INTERFERENT

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refers to the portions of the sample material of approximately the same size that are carried to an analytical procedure at the same time and in the same way.

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REPLICATES

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Qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a target entity

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ASSAY

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is an investigative or analytic procedure for assessing or measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a drug

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ASSAY

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FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

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- The level of accuracy required - The number of samples to be analyzed - The complexity of the sample - The number of components in the sample

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Procedures in Qualitative Analysis

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-Precipitation, extraction, and distillation -Chemical Tests (analysis of cations, analysis of anions) -Flame Tests

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Procedures in Quantitative Analysis

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- Gravimetric Methods - Volumetric Methods - Volumetric Analysis - Electroanalytical Methods - Spectroscopic Methods

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determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it.

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Gravimetric Methods

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the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte is measured.

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Volumetric Methods

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is a chemical analytical procedure based on measurement of volumes of reaction in solutions. It uses titration to determine the concentration of a solution by carefully measuring the volume of one solution needed to react with another.

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Volumetric Analysis

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involve the measurement of such electrical properties as voltage, current, resistance and quantity of electric charge.

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Electroanalytical methods

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are based on measurement of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules or on the production of such radiation by analytes.

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Spectroscopic Methods

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Types of Analytical Methods

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1. Classical Methods 2. Instrumental Methods

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Procedures in Classical Methods

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- Separations: precipitation, extraction, distillation - Qualitative: boiling points, melting points, color, odor, solubilities - Quantitative: titrations, gravimetric analysis

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Procedures in Instrumental Methods

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- Separations (Chromatography, electrophoresis, etc.) - Qualitative or Quantitative (Spectroscopy, electrochemical methods, mass spectrometry, NMR, radiochemical methods, etc.)

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Standardized system of units used by scientists all over the world.

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International System of Units

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a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured

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Accuracy

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the exactness of a measurement

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Precision

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origins of the word Stoichiometry

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Greek word stoicheion (element) and metron (measure)

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Is the quantitative study of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

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Stoichiometry

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signifies the quantitative(amount of the substance) relationships among the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction.

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Stoichiometry

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is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in an element or compounds.

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MOLAR MASS

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Avogadro Number

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6.022x10^23

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the mixture formed when a substance dissolves in it

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Solution

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the substance that dissolves

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Solute

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the liquid in the solution

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Solvent

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mixing of a substance in a liquid

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Dissolve

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a substance which can dissolve (mix in a liquid)

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Soluble

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a substance which cannot dissolve (mix in a liquid)

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Insoluble

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is the mass of a substance per unit volume.

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Density

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is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.

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Specific Gravity

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is used to express the concentration of alcohol beverages.

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Volume Percent

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is the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution.

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Normality