PML 3 - Neuropsychological approach Flashcards
Neuropsychological Approach
Internal brain structures that underpin perception and action.
Control based learning theory (Cobalt)
Motor learning growns out of motor control
Motor control
processes that support planning and execution of movements
Motor learning
increasing spatial and temporal accuracy/correctness of movement with practice
The four control processes of control based learning
- strategic
- Perceptual-motor integration
- Sequencing
- Dynamic
3 control principles of Cobalt
- Neural seperability
- Disperate representations
- Dual mode
Neural seperability
Control processes are supported by differend brain structures
disperate representations
control processes entail distinct representations
Dual mode
motor skills can be learned and executed in two modes
Two-visual system model
a parallel model for perception and action
Allocentric space
relative to surroundings
egocentric space
relative to the body
What are the two dual modes
conscious and unconscious
Conscious
explicit
learning by strategic process
allocentric
unconscious
implicit
egocentric
Serial Reaction Time task (SRT)
Dependent on response time
implicit learning: unaware.
RT decrease slowly
Verbal-cognitive phase
controlled process
attention demanding
declarative knowledge
autonomous phase
automatic
low attention
procedural knowledge (used to unconsciously plan)
Working Memory
keep and manipulate different types of information
(explicit learning)
Phonological loop
auditory and verbal information
visual-spatial sketch path
visual and spatial information
Higher verbal working memory profits from
multiple instructions
lower verbal working memory degrades from
multiple instructions
implicit learning
improve perceptual-motor integration and sequencing in the unconscious mode
perceptual-motor integration
translate environmental goal into spatial target
sequencing
ordering spatial target
strategic (control process)
identifying and selecting environmental goal
dynamic (control proces)
transforming spatial targets into muscle activity patterns
Pro’s implicit learning ()
- skip verbal-cognitive phase
- less attention demanding
- no working memory
- unconscious
- no buildup declarative knowledge
declarative knowledge
knowing what to do, facts, principles
procedural knowledge
proces of how to do it, how to performe a task
How does the performance look like after implicit learning?
- more durable, less prone to forget
- more robus against pressure, fatigue and dual tasking
Dual task
Overloading the working memory
Methods implicit learning
- dual tasking
- analogy/methaphor
- errorless learning
Environmental goals are coded in … space
Allocentric space, depends on vision
Spatial/movement goals are coded in … space
egocentric space, depends on proprioception
What mechanisms of motor skill learning proposes Willingham?
The 4 processes of the controlled based theory.
So:
- strategic, perceptial-motor integration, sequencing and dynamic.
- Selecting more effective environmental goals, selecting new spatial goals
repeating a sequence, learning new relationship between spatial egocentric and muscle activation patterns
Ventral system
What
visual perception
conscious
Dorsal system
how
automatic actions
unconscious
double dissociation
two distinct functions being supportive by two distinct neural substrates. requirement of neural seperability
