PMHP Overview Flashcards
What is CPD?
Continuing professional development
- process of tracking and documenting skills, knowledge and experience that you gain formally and informally throughout career
- requirement by GDC
- supports dentists in maintaining and updating their skills
Give 3 suggested CPD topics:
- Medical emergencies
- Disinfection and decontamination
- Radiography and radiation protection
What are the 7 components of clinical governance?
ACCESS R
- Clinical effectiveness and research
- Audit
- Risk management
- Education and training
- Service user, carer and public involvement
- Clinical information and IT
- Staffing and staff management
What are the 6 dimensions of healthcare quality?
Safe = avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help them
Effective = Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and refraining from providing services to those not likely to benefit
Patient centred = Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs and values
Timely = Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and those who give care
Efficient = Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy
Equitable = Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status
Give 6 members of the dental team that have to be registered with the GDC?
- Dentist
- Dental nurse
- Dental Hygienist
- Dental Therapist
- Orthodontic Therapist
- Dental technicians
What is a clinical audit? What is it for?
Quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcome through systematic review of care against explicit criteria/standards and the implementation of change
Used to observe gaps in knowledge, learning, attitudes, protocols and training
What is the audit cycle?
- Identify problem or issue
- Set criteria and standards
- Observe practise/data collection
- Compare performance with criteria or standards
- Implementing change & following up
What are the three divisions of NHS Scotland dental services?
Primary care = general dental practises
Public dental services = community services
Secondary care = hospital services
What are the four pillars of ethics?
- Autonomy
- Non-maleficence
- Beneficence
- Justice
What is negligence?
The omission to do something which a reasonable practitioner would do, or doing something which a reasonable practitioner would not do.
What is the criteria for clinical negligence?
- Dentist owed a duty of care
- Duty/standard of care was breached
- Breach in care caused or contributed to damage/harm
- Damage was reasonably foreseeable and had negative consequences and effects
What should notes be?
CCCC AL RR
- confidential
- complete
- concise
- current
- accurate
- legible
- retrievable
- retained
Who is on the GDC board?
12 members
- 6 registrants
- 6 lay members
What type of study provides the highest level of evidence?
Systematic reviews of randomised control trials (Cochrane reviews)
List 4 aspects of Systematic Reviews:
- Specific and well formulated question
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria
- Multiple databases searched
- Avoidance of bias
Give 3 study designs:
RCT = effectiveness and efficacy of treatments
Cohort = prospective study
Case control = retrospective study
Case study = one patient report
What is incidence?
Number of new disease cases developing over a specific period of time in a defined population
[number of new disease cases/number of population at risk]
What is prevalence?
The number of disease cases in a population at a given time
[number of affected individuals/total number of people in population]
What is SIMD?
Index/tool used to identify areas of deprivation/poverty/inequality in Scotland
- 1 most deprived
- 10 least deprived
What 7 factors influence deprivation?
- Employment status
- Income
- Crime
- Housing, living, working conditions
- Access to services
- Health care services
- Education, skills and training
What are the principles of the Adults With Incapacity Act 2000?
- Benefit of procedure
- Minimum intervention [least restrictive option]
- Take past and present wishes of adult into consideration
- Consultation with adult and relevant others
- Encourage adult to use/exercise residual capacity
what is capacity?
Someone has capacity when they can:
- Act
- Make decision
- Communicate this decision
- Understand this decision
- Retain memory of decision
Name 4 legislations for decontamination:
- Health and Safety at Work Act
- COSHH
- SHTM 01-05
- The Medical Device Directive 2007
Give 4 factors in the aetiology of dental anxiety:
- Previous adverse dental experiences
- Influence of family members and friends
- Social media influence
- Poor understanding of dental procedures/techniques
How may an anxious patient present?
- High neuroticism
- Low pain threshold
- Negative expectations
- Withdrawn, depressive, sweating
- Upset/crying
What is the cycle of behaviour change?
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance with progress/relapse at any stage
Give 4 management techniques for anxious patients:
- Desensitisation
- Acclimitisation
- CBT
- Sedation
- Distraction
Give 4 examples of coping mechanisms of stress:
- Exercise
- CBT
- Knowing personal limits
- Good work/life balance
What are the recommended allowances of alcohol intake for male and females?
14 units per week with at least 2 alcohol free days
- units spread over 3 days
How do you offer smoking intervention?
Ask
Advise
Assist
Assess
Arrange
What chemicals are used to clean a blood spill?
Sodium hypochlorite 10,000ppm
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate 10,000ppm
What document is a GDP required to keep for waste disposal?
Consignment note for 3 years
- description
- destination
- quantity
- origin
- transport
How long should notes be kept for?
Minimum 3 years but ideally 11 years or until age 25 for children
What factors make up consent?
- informed
- valid
- pt has capacity
- voluntary
- non-manipulated
- non-coerced
What are the stages of significant event analysis?
- Identify event
- Collect information
- Set meeting to discuss findings
- Meet & analyse
- Change & monitor
- Write up
- Seek external feedback
What values regarding confidence intervals are important?
Risk Ratio
- If crosses 1 when comparing 2 risks then there is no difference and results are not significant
Absolute Risk Difference
- If crosses 0 when comparing 2 means then not significant
What is a p-value?
Statistical significance of results, usually null hypothesis
<0.05 is significant
What temperature, pressure and time is sterilisation carries out with?
134-137 degrees celcius
2.1-2.3 bar
3 minutes
What is burnout?
Disengagement and exhaustion often associated with dissatisfaction and negativity
