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BDS4 EXAM STUDY > Caries Symposium > Flashcards

Caries Symposium Flashcards

1
Q

What factors must be present for development of caries?

A
  • tooth
  • substrate/sugar
  • acid
  • time
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2
Q

What carbohydrate/sugar is the worst for development of caries?

A

sucrose

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3
Q

What are the 7 elements of caries risk?

A
  1. clinical evidence
  2. dietary habits
  3. social history
  4. fluoride use
  5. plaque control
  6. saliva
  7. medical history
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4
Q

What is a pts caries risk if they wear fixed orthodontics?

A

Immediately high risk

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5
Q

How many sugar intakes per day make someone high caries risk?

A

> 3 sugar intakes a day

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6
Q

What is SIMD?

A

Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
- looks at the extent to which an area is deprived across seven domains

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7
Q

What are the 7 domains of SIMD?

A
  1. income
  2. employment
  3. education
  4. health
  5. access to services
  6. crime
  7. housing
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8
Q

What social history answers can give an indication of a patients being high caries risk?

A
  • SIMD category
  • education
  • unemployment
  • work stressors
  • single parent families
  • violence
  • inequalities & poor access to healthcare
  • dependents
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9
Q

How does fluoride lower a patients caries risk?

A
  • incorporation into enamel crystal to form fluorapetite (more caries resistant than hydroxyapetite)
  • its bacteriocidal
  • interferes with adhesion force of bacteria reducing ability to stick to tooth
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10
Q

How can saliva give us an indication of a patients caries risk?

A
  • amount (oral dryness may cause caries)
  • buffering capacity
  • pH
  • viscosity (too thick is bad as cannot flow well)
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11
Q

What are the 8 elements of caries prevention?

A
  1. radiographs
  2. toothbrushing
  3. strength of fluoride in toothpaste
  4. fluoride varnish
  5. fluoride supplementation
  6. diet advice
  7. fissure sealants
  8. sugar free medication
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12
Q

Why do white spot lesions occur?

A

Loss of mineralisation of enamel
- loss of inter-rod regions
- thickness of crystallites reduced

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13
Q

On SEM, how does an active white spot lesion appear?

A

ROUGH (vs inactive which appears smooth)

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14
Q

Why is sealing root caries difficult?

A

No enamel to bond onto

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15
Q

When giving advice to new mothers, what should be discussed regarding diet & nutrition?

A
  • use a feeding cup with a free flow spout
  • NO SUGARY DRINKS in bottle (especially at night)
  • sweet drinks/snacks at meal times only & diluted/through straw
  • sugar free medication if possible
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16
Q

Give some examples of “safe snacks” that you could advise for your pts?

A
  • milk/water
  • fruit (natural sugar so be careful)
  • crackers
  • cheese
  • bread sticks
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17
Q

In relation to mercury in amalgam, what legislation is relevant to us?

A

The Minimata Treaty
- global environmental treaty aimed at reducing release of mercury into the environment

18
Q

What are the clinical steps when performing traditional prep for a preformed metal crown?

A
  • give LA
  • caries removal
  • clear contacts at mesial & distal
  • occlusal surface reduction
  • size crown & cement on with GIC
19
Q

What are some minor complications of GA?

A
  • pain
  • headache
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • sore throat
  • sore nose/nose bleed
  • drowsiness
20
Q

What medical conditions make GA higher risk?

A
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Down’s syndrome
  • bleeding disorders
  • cardiac conditions
  • renal disease
  • diabetes
  • liver disease
21
Q

What type of consent is required for GA?

A

WRITTEN

22
Q

What determines cavity design?

A
  • the extent of disease
  • the properties of dental material being used
  • the type of disease (eg caries, perio, toothwear)
23
Q

Where on teeth are caries located?

A
  • pits & fissues
  • interproximal
  • smooth surfaces
24
Q

If a patient has a white spot lesion that doesnt appear to be cavitated, should we intervene?

A

NO
- focus on remineralisation FIRST

25
Q

What are the steps of cavity design & preparation?

A
  • identify and remove carious enamel
  • remove enamel to the maximum extent of the caries at the ACJ & smooth margins
  • progressively remove peripheral caries in dentine from ACJ then deeper
  • remove deep caries over pulp
26
Q

Before you etch a cavity, what should you do?

A
  • remove any unsupported enamel
  • smooth sharp cavosurface margins & line angles
27
Q

What is the cavo surface margin angle?

A

The angle at which the outside of the tooth meets the inside of the cavity

28
Q

What is configuration factor?

A

The ratio of bonded to unbonded surfaces
- important for composite restorations
- should be low when restoring with composite

29
Q

What is the concentration of daily fluoride mouthwash?

A

0.05% (227ppmF)

30
Q

What is the concentration of weekly fluoride mouthwash?

A

0.2% (909ppmF)

31
Q

How does fluoride varnish work?

A

Colophony resin hardens in contact with saliva to maintain contact of fluoride with the tooth
- mobilisation of calcium ions into enamel
- precipitation of calcium fluoride

32
Q

Which patients cannot use tooth mousse?

A

Pt with milk allergy

33
Q

What risks are associated with fluoride use?

A
  • enamel fluorosis
  • acute toxicity via ingestion (rare)
  • chronic toxicity (fluorosis)
34
Q

How much fluoride do young children need to swallow to risk fluorosis?

A

0.1mg f/kg

35
Q

What can be done to maximise caries benefit but reduce fluorosis risk in young children?

A
  • keep toothpaste out of reach of small children
  • brush 2x per day
  • supervise brushing
  • use recommended amount (pea/smear)
  • discourage swallowing
36
Q

What are the stages of caries progression?

A
  • adhesion
  • survival & growth
  • biofilm formation
  • complex plaque
  • acid formation
  • caries
37
Q

State Koch’s Postulates germ theory of disease?

A
  • microbe must be present in every case of the disease
  • microbe must be isolated from the diseased host & grown in pure culture
  • disease must be reproduced when a pure culture is introduced into a susceptible host
  • microbe must be recovered from an experimentally infect host
38
Q

What type of microbe is Steptococcus Mutans?

A

gram-positive coccus

39
Q

Give examples of virulence factors of caries inducing microbes:

A
  • adhesions
  • binding proteins
  • sugar modifying enzyme
  • polysaccharides
  • acid tolerance & adaption
40
Q

Give examples of sugar modifying enzymes found in caries inducing microbes:

A
  • fructanase
  • dextranase
41
Q

What is the pH of lactic acid?

A

3.5 (demin starts at pH 5.5)

42
Q
A

BDS4 EXAM STUDY (39 decks)

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